Rubina v. State And ORS

$~19-Q *

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

+ RUBINA .....Petitioner Through:

Ms.

Salevino Chale, Advocate, with petitioner in person.

versus STATE AND ORS .....Respondent Through:

Mr. Hitesh Vali, APP for State with SI Rahul Rathi, PS Sangam Vihar Respondents No. 2 and 3 in person.

CORAM:

HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PRATEEK JALAN

O R D E R

% 08.05.2026 1.

By way of this petition under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 ["BNSS"] (corresponding to Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 ["CrPC"]) seeking quashing of FIR No. 132/2025, dated 07.03.2025, registered under Sections 498A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, at P.S. Sangam Vihar, and all consequential proceedings emanating therefrom, on the ground of settlement.

2.

Issue notice.

Ms.

Hitesh Vali, learned Additional Public Prosecutor, accepts notice on behalf of the State. Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 appear in person, and state that they do not seek assistance of counsel. 3.

The petitioner is present in Court, and is identified by her learned The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.

counsel as well as the Investigating Officer ["IO"]. Respondents Nos. 2 and 3 are also present in Court, and are identified by the IO. 4.

The petition is taken up for disposal with the consent of the parties. 5.

The impugned FIR is registered at the instance of the petitioner, who is the wife of respondent No. 2. Respondent No. 3 is the mother of Respondent No. 2.

6.

The marriage between the petitioner and respondent No. 2 was solemnized on 09.03.2022, according to Muslim rites and customs. One child was born out of the wedlock on 11.06.2023. Due to matrimonial discord and differences in temperament, the parties were living separately from December 2023.

7.

The petitioner lodged a formal complaint before the Crime against Women Cell, and the same culminated into the impugned FIR, against the respondents Nos. 2 and 3, being her husband and her mother-in-law. 8.

During the pendency of the proceedings, the parties have settled their disputes and have entered into a mutual oral settlement. The settlement contemplates reconciliation between the parties, who have resumed cohabitation as husband and wife, alongwith their child, since 05.10.2025.

9.

Learned counsel for the parties confirm that the settlement has been entered into voluntarily and without any coercion or undue pressure. In fact, the present petition has been filed by the complainant/wife herself, and is supported by her affidavit.

10.

In light of the aforesaid, parties seek quashing of the impugned FIR.

11.

Although the offence under Section 498A of the IPC is nonThe authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.

compoundable, Supreme Court has held that, in suitable circumstances, High Courts may, in exercise of their powers under Section 528 of the BNSS (corresponding to Section 482 of the CrPC), quash criminal proceedings, even for non-compoundable offences, where a compromise has been reached between accused complainant, provided that such quashing does not adversely affect any broader public interest.

12.

The Supreme Court, in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab & Anr.1 has held as follows:

"58. Where the High Court quashes a criminal proceeding having regard to the fact that the dispute between the offender and the victim has been settled although the offences are not compoundable, it does so as in its opinion, continuation of criminal proceedings will be an exercise in futility and justice in the case demands that the dispute between the parties is put to an end and peace is restored; securing the ends of justice being the ultimate guiding factor.

No doubt, crimes are acts which have harmful effect on the public and consist in wrongdoing that seriously endangers and threatens the well-being of the society and it is not safe to leave the crime-doer only because he and the victim have settled the dispute amicably or that the victim has been paid compensation, yet certain crimes have been made compoundable in law, with or without the permission of the court. In respect of serious offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc., or other offences of mental depravity under IPC or offences of moral turpitude under special statutes, like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, the settlement between the offender and the victim can have no legal sanction at all.

However, certain offences which overwhelmingly and predominantly bear civil flavour having arisen out of civil, mercantile, commercial, financial, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony, particularly relating to dowry, etc. or the family dispute, where the wrong is basically to the victim and the offender and the victim have settled all disputes between them amicably, irrespective of the fact that such offences have not been made compoundable, the High Court may within the framework of its inherent power, quash the criminal proceeding or criminal complaint or FIR if it is satisfied that 1 (2012) 10 SCC 303.

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on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted by not quashing criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. Each case will depend on its own facts and no hard-and-fast category can be prescribed."2 Further, in Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr.3, the Supreme Court has also laid down guidelines for High Courts while accepting settlement deeds between parties and quashing the proceedings. The relevant observations in the said decision read as under: "29.

In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings: 29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves.

However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution. 29.2.

(i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court. While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to 2 Emphasis supplied.

3 (2014) 6 SCC 466.

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have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender. 29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.

29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether possibility of conviction is remote bleak continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases."4 13.

In the present case, the proceedings between the parties arise out of a matrimonial relationship, which has since been resolved amicably. Petitioner and respondent No. 2 have reconciled and are living together since 05.10.2025, alongwith their child. In such circumstances, the continuation of the criminal proceedings would be prejudicial to their marital harmony and welfare of the child. Applying the principles laid down by the Supreme Court, the petitioner has unequivocally stated before this Court that the settlement was entered into voluntarily, without any coercion or undue influence. In these circumstances, the continuation of the criminal proceedings is unlikely to lead to a conviction and would merely serve as a procedural formality, thereby imposing an unnecessary burden on the justice system and diverting valuable judicial resources without serving any meaningful purpose.

14.

In view of the foregoing, the petition is allowed, and FIR No. 4 Emphasis supplied.

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132/2025, dated 07.03.2025, registered under Sections 498A/406/34 of the IPC at P.S. Sangam Vihar, alongwith all consequential proceedings arising therefrom, is hereby quashed.

15.

The parties shall remain bound by the terms of the settlement. 16.

The petition accordingly stands disposed of.

PRATEEK JALAN, J MAY 8, 2026 'SV'/AD/ The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.