Swaran Singh v. Vir Abhimanyu
!
"#$ %$&'(')*
+,"-")+')./ 0 $#'#')$- 1$-(2( 1'- 3/'4")52 0$(6)%$)# * 78 +
88
-$($)#* - "'%$$61$-4"9 %:&"#$ -#/$6$#'#')$- ;;;
</$#/$- -$6-#$-( =&"= 6"6$-( 4"5 3$ "==,$% # ($$#/$>2%.4$)#?
3$-$ $--$%##/$-$6-#$-(-)#? @ </$#/$- #/$ >2%.4$)# (/2=% 3$ -$6-#$% ') #/$ %'.$(#? ;;;
88 -"= /$ $>$$)# 6$#'#') 6-$ $--$% 35 #/$ 6$#'#')$- ,"( %'(4'(($% 35 #/$ $)# )#-==$-9 :'%$ -%$- %"#$% @
( $:$) #/$ "66$"= 6-$ $--$% "."')(# #/$ ("'% -%$- "'=$% ")% ,"( %'(4'(($% :'%$ >2%.4$)# %"#$%
9=")%=-%6$#'#')$-'(3$ -$#/'(&2-# :'&#') #/$ #$)")#-$(6)%$)# ,"( (2./# ) #,.-2)%('$))6"54$)# -$)#")%6$-()"=)$&$(('#5 -'$ =59 #/$ &"($ ($# 2# 35 #/$ 6$#'#')$- ') #/$ $:'&#') 6$#'#') ,"( #/"# #/$ -"#$ -$)#($##=$% 3$#,$$)#/$6"-#'$( ,"(
A6$-4)#/")%#/$#$)")#-$(6)%$)#,"(='"3=$ # 6"5 "--$"-( -$)# ,$ 2)$9 BBB 3$('%$( 2($ "C
)%9 #/$ 6$#'#')$- -$D2'-$% #/$ %$4'($% 6-$4'($( - /'(
6$-()"=2($")%&&26"#')"("=( -/'(()9,/')#$)%$% #(#"-#"32(')$(( -$"%54"%$."-4$)#( ) %$ $)&$9 #/$ #$)")#-$(6)%$)# &)&$%$% #/$ -$="#')(/'6 =")%=-%")%#$)")#3$#,$$)#/$6"-#'$(932#'# ,"(4"')#"')$%#/"##/$-"#$ -$)#,"(
A6$-4)#/ ")% #/$ ("4$ (#% 6"'% # #/$ 6$#'#')$- 26# @
@ /$ ='"3'='#5 # 6"5 /2($ #"C ,"( #/$ =")%=-% ) "	 =")%=-%,"(&"--5').)"32(')$(( 4'=E%"'-5")%"=(" &"=%$6#"#+/$-62-982%/'")"$,"("=(#/$,)$- #, #/$- (/6( #/"# -4$% 6"-# #/$ ("4$ 32'=%').9 "( #/$ %$4'($%6-$4'($(9")%#/$($,$-$')/'(&&26"#')$"=( ,)$%#/$-6-6$-#'$(('#2"#$%"#+/$-62-9 43$%E"-"."-9 )$"-"3"/")+').//,E")%">62-"%982%/'")"$ /"% &)(#-2&#$% (/6( ') #/$("'%6-6$-#5 ")% ,"("=( -2))'). " 4'=E %"'-5 ') #/$ ("4$ 6-$4'($( $ /"% =$# 2# %'
$-$)# 6-#')( ')&=2%'). 2- (/6( #/$ ("'% 6-6$-#'$( ('#2"#$%"# 43$%E"-"."-#%'
$-$)##$)")#( &&-%').=59 '# ,"( 4"')#"')$% #/"# #/$ $:'&#') 6$#'#') ,"( '=$% ,'#/ " 4"=" '%$')#$)#')9)" '&#'#'2(.-2)%9#($$E$:'&#') #/$#$)")#-$(6)%$)# ) ") ")"=5('( #/$ 4"##$- ') '((2$ ")% #/$ $:'%$)&$ ) -$&-%9 3#/ #/$ "2#/-'#'$( &)&2--$)#=5 &)&=2%$% #/"# '# ,"( 26) #/$ =")%=-%6$#'#')$- # 6-:$ #/"##/$-"#$ -$)#,"(')%$$%
A6$-4)#/2##/$ -$='")&$ 6="&$% 35 #/$ 6$#'#')$- 26) #, -$)# -$&$'6#( ,"(
@
2)%#3$,/==54'(6="&$%9"(#/$($,$-$)#:"='%=56-:$% )&$%$%=59 -'.')"= -$&$'6#( ,$-$ ') 6(($((') #/$ 6$#'#')$-932#,$-$)$:$-3-2./#)-$&-%) "	=")%=-% +,"-") +')./ < &)&$%$% ') /'( &-(($C"4')"#') #/"# #/$ ("'% -$&$'6#( ,$-$ )# '((2$% 35 /'4 32# 35 /'( "#/$- :$)#/$-,'($9#/$-$&$'6#(6-%2&$%35#/$6$#'#')$-%'%)# 3$"- ")5 (/6 )243$- + 42&/ (9 $:$) #/$ )"4$ #/$ 6$-() -4,/4#/$("'%-$&$'6#(,$-$3#"')$%"=(%'%)#
')% 4$)#') #/$-$') $)%-($4$)# - ('.)"#2-$( #/$ #$)")#,$-$3#"')$%#/$-$26)/2(9'#,"(&)&=2%$%#/"# #/$-$,"()4"#$-'"=)-$&-%#=')E#/$("'%-$&$'6#(,'#/ #/$ %$4'($% 6-$4'($( "( "=( #/$ #$)")#-$(6)%$)# /$ ,'#)$(($( $C"4')$% 35 #/$ 6$#'#')$- '$ < <@9 ,$-$ &)&$%$%=5 )# #/$ ,'#)$(($( # #/$ #$)")&5 $('%$( #/"#9 )#/'). ,"( 3-2./# ) -$&-% # (/, #/"# #/$-"#$ -$)# ,"( ')%$$%
A 6$- 4)#/ (')&$ #/$ ')&$6#') #/$ #$)")&5 ) #/$ &)#-"-59 ('4 -"3/"E"-9 =$-E9 9 82%/'")" < 3-2./# #/$ (244)$% -$&-% 6-6$-#5 3$"-').
A@9 "3" /") +')./ /,E9 82%/'")"9 ,/'&/-$:$"=$%#/"##/$-$)#"=:"=2$ ("'%(/6,"(-$&-%$% "(
A 6$- 4)#/ $&-%( (/,$% #/"# ") "42)#
F9
A,"(%$6('#$%35#/$#$)")#962-(2")##")-%$- "(($((4$)# 6-:'(')"=-$)#,$ 2)$9 BBB# 2=59
"=).,'#/&(#(")%')#$-$(#/2(9#$)")#-$(6)%$)#&2=% )#3$$:'&#$%)"&&2)# ))6"54$)# -$)# (-$."-%(
F #/$6$-()"=3)" '%$)$$%9'#,"(3($-:$%#/"#"=#/2./#/$ 6$#'#')$-/"%&="'4$%#/"#/$,"('%=$")%#/2(-$D2'-$%#/$ 6-$4'($( # ($# 26 " 32(')$(( -$"%54"%$ ."-4$)#(9 ")% $:$)/'(()')#$)%$%#>')/'4')#/$("'%:$)#2-$932# #/$ #/-$$ ()( #/$ 6$#'#')$- #, ,$-$ ($##=$% ') 2(#-"='" ")%#/'-%(),"((#'==(#2%5').#,"()#4"%$&=$"-"(# ,/'&/ #/-$$()(""==5-$D2'-$%#/$6-$4'($(-')#$)%$% # >') /'( "#/$- ') 32(')$(( "#/$-9 $:'%$)&$ ) -$&-% 6-:$% #/"# =")%=-% /'4($= ,"( $)."
$% ') 6-6$-#5 32(')$(( + 42&/ (9 6$#'#')$- /'4($= < &)&$%$% ') /'(&-(($C"4')"#')#/"#/"%#/$#$)")#6"'%#/$-$)#9#/$-$ ,2=% /":$ )$:$- 3$$) ")5 %'(62#$ ,'#/ /'4 $ "=( &)&$%$% #/"# /$ /"% )# 6-$6"-$% ")5 6->$&# -$6-# - '):$(#4$)#6=") -#/$6-6($%32(')$(($"=(&)&$%$% #/"# /$ /"% )# %'(&=($% #/"# /$ ,"( &"--5').
")%
"# #/$ #'4$ '='). #/$ 6$#'#') + 42&/ (9 )$ /'( ,'#)$(($( '$ ")4/") +')./ < -$:$"=$% #/"# #/$ =")%=-% "=( /"% ")#/$- 6-6$-#566('#$#/$-"% &&-%').=59'#,"(&)&=2%$%#/"# #/$=")%=-%,)$%")#/$-#,(/6(932#/$/"%&)&$"=$% #/'( "&# /"# 3$'). (9 '# &2=% )# 3$ &)&=2%$% #/"# #/$ "==$.$%)$$%A-$D2'-$4$)# #/$6$#'#')$-,"(.$)2')$93)"
'%$-&)&$':$%').% "'#/
8$"-)$% &2)($= - #/$ 6$#'#')$- &2=% )# 6')# 2# "( # #/$ &)&=2(')( #/"# /":$ &)&2--$)#=5 3$$) -$&-%$% 35 3#/ #/$ "2#/-'#'$( ,$-$ $'#/$- &)#-"-5 # #/$ 6('#'))-$&-%-(2
$-$% -4")54"#$-'"='==$."='#5 ')#$- $-$)&$'(,"--")#$%')$C$-&'($ -$:'(')"= >2-'(%'&#')9 2)%$- +$&#') #/$ "(# 2)>"3 -3") $)# $(#-'&#') 	 BFB $#'#') 3$'). %$:'% 4$-'# '( "&&-%').=5%'(4'(($% :$43$- 9
">") -2) "==' 2%.$