Alexander v. State Of Punjab
#$% &%'()(*+
,%-#*&%.
//%,,#*$ 0%.)1) $#$% 1*2#3 %)/*&%*$
!+ 45 ! 6 5 .%)%*$+ !)#*1%&(#*&!.7(8#9 .8%.:&8'#$%):
.$7%#//%,,#*$ !. (,,:))()$#*$ 1*2#3 ;7%$7%.$7%%/.$%.) ,'#,*%<)/#/%.9#=3%#,,<%&$ )%%$7%21&>9%*$?
3%.% %..%&$$7%%/.$%..*$ ;7%$7%.$7%21&>9%*$)71,&3%.%/.$%&(*$7%&(>%)$? 5 ,%-#*&%.#//%,,#*$":#(>%.(#**#$(*#,:7#) (,%&$7()#//%#, #>#(*)$$7%21&>9%*$ '*8('$(*#*&.&%. )%*$%*'%&#$%&
:
/#))%&3=$7%,%#.*%&1&>%:/%'(#, 1.$:#>#.:!7#,(:8(&%<7('7 $7%/.%)%*$#//%,,#*$<#)'*8('$%&1*&%.%'$(* $7%#.'$('.1>) #*&)='7$./('13)$#*'%)'$:@A:(*)7.$4$7%'$:@A4": #*&<#))%*$%*'%&$1*&%.>.(>.1)(9/.()*9%*$ .$7.%%=%#.)#*&$ /#= (*% ) :
:(*&% #1,$$7%.% :$ 1.$7%.1*&%.>.(>.1) (9/.()*9%*$ .)(-9*$7): .#,,%>%&,=B%%/(*>(*7()/))%))(*
>.#9)7%.(*%*C
@ 7%/.)%'1$(*)$.=:) #.#).%,%8#*$ .&()/)#, $7% /.%)%*$#//%#,:()$7#$*$7%*(>7$ C
@:*)/%'$. 1.<(*&%.
(*>7$7%*<.B(*>#)13*)/%'$.:*'7#.>% $#
:!7#,("
#,*><($7 %,,<
('(#,)<#)/.%)%*$*%#.93%&B#.#>#.(*3%$<%%*
%'$. #*&:!7#,(:<7%*7%.%'%(8%&#)%'.%$(* .9#$(* $7#$ (>%.(#*'($(D%*):*#9%,=:,%-)* 2,%:#8.)* BB:,%-#*&%.
)* !*=%#*,)* D%91&(#:<7#.%/.%)%*$,=.%)(&(*>(*!
1)% :%'$. :!7#,(:#.%(*&1,>(*>(*$7%)#,% 7%.(*%:
<7('7()/1.'7#)%& .91$)(&%7%=9%%$$7%(.'1)$9%.)(*&&71.)(* $7%/#.B)%$'#*&( #)%#.'7()'*&1'$%&(*$7%/#.B) %'$. #*&:
#>#.:!7#,(:$7%*$7%='#*3%#//.%7%*&%&<($7$7%,#.>%E1#*$($=
7%.(*% )$7%(* .9#$(*<#) 1*&$3%'.%&(3,%:.1E# (* .9#$(* -; "<#))%*$$$7%/,('%)$#$(*:*$7%3#)() <7('7 .9#, -; "<#).%>()$%.%&7%.%# $%.:$7%'7%'B(*>(*&(
%.%*$/#.B)
!7#,( <#) '*&1'$%& * C
@: #$ #31$ @+A !: *)/%'$.
1.<(*&%.(*>72(*%&#)/#,(*>7)* ,#$%#'7#*(*>7:.%)(&%*$
1)% A:7#)%:!7#,(:#)(*&%/%*&%*$<($*%))#*&.%#'7%&$7% /#.B %'$. : !7#,( 7%.%: 1. (>%.(#* *#$(*#,) <%.% 1*& )($$(*> *)%%(*>$7%/,('%/#.$=:#,,$7% 1.)#(&(>%.(#*)$.(%&$.1* #<#=(*&(
%.%*$&(.%'$(*):31$#,, $7%9<%.%#//.%7%*&%&3=&(
%.%*$ 9%93%.) $7%/,('%
('(#,),, $7%9<%.%>(8%*/$(*$>%$$7%(.
)%#.'7'*&1'$%& .9# #D%$$%&
('%..#!#>()$.#$%#*&#,, $7%9:
8(&%)%/#.#$%9%9):'*)%*$%& .$7%(.)%#.'73% .%$7%*8%)$(>#$(*>
('%.7%*:#$(*&%./#,(*>7:":#>#.:!7#,(:<#)'#,,%& #$$7%)/$#*&$7%.%# $%.:$7%)%#.'7 #,,$7%#''1)%&<#)'*&1'$%&(*7() /.%)%*'%.9#''1)%.:
>.#9) )9#'B: .9#''1)%,:
>.#9) 7%.(*%#*& .9#''1)%&,%- >.#9) 7%.(*%<#) .%'8%.%&: .9 <7('7 $7% )#9/,%) <%.% )%/#.#$%& .9 $7%/.%)%*$ #''1)%&#//%,,#*$,%-#*&%.: >.#9) 7%.(*%<#).%'8%.%&:1$
<7('7$<)#9/,%):<%(>7(*>A>.#9)%#'7<%.%)%/#.#$%&7%*:$7%
)#9/,%/#.'%,)#*&31,B/#.'%,<%.%)%#,%&<($7$7%)%#,4 4:3%,*>(*>$ 1.<(*&%.(*>7#*&$7%)%#, ":#>#.:!7#,(:3%#.(*> (*)'.(/$(*447%'#)%/./%.$=<#)$#B%*(*$/))%))(*3=$7%/,('% $7.1>7.%'8%.=9%9 -; #*&$7%#''1)%&<%.%#..%)$%& * .%#'7(*>$7%/,('%)$#$(*:$7%#''1)%&#*&$7%'#)%/./%.$=<%.%/.&1'%& 3% .%#.3(.(*>7:*)/%'$. $7%/,('%)$#$(*:<7#
(-%&7() )%#,3%#.(*>(9/.%))(*44*31,B/#.'%,:)#9/,%/#.'%,)#)<%,,#) )#9/,% )%#,7%'#)%/./%.$=<#)$7%*&%/)($%&<($7! 5#B73(.
(*>7 *A
@:$7%'#)%/./%.$=#*& $7%#''1)%&<%.%/.&1'%& 3% .%$7%,%#.*%&,,#E#!#>()$.#$%#*&$7%(*8%*$.(%)<%.%/.%/#.%&: <7('7 <%.% '%.$( (%&3=$7%,,#E#!#>()$.#$% *$7%#//,('#$(* $7% /,('%:$7%,%#.*%&,,#E#!#>()$.#$%:8(&%.&%. -; F:#,,<%&$7% &()/)#, $7%'#)%/./%.$= 7%)#9/,%)<%.%)%*$$$7%'7%9('#, %-#9(*%.:<78(&%7().%/.$.%/.$%&$7#$$7%)13)$#*'%.%'8%.%& .9 #''1)%&,%-#*&%.<#)7%.(*%7%.%/.$<#)#,)9#&%.%>#.&(*>$7% .%9#(*(*>/%.)*):#//.%7%*&%&#$$7%)/$ ''1)%&<#)'7#.>%)7%%$%&1*&%.%'$(* $7%'$:
@A:$<7('77%/,%#&%&*$>1(,$=#*&',#(9%&$.(#, *.&%.$/.8%($)'#)%:$7%/.)%'1$(*%-#9(*%&5#B73(. (*>7! ;": 7#.#*(*>7;
":#$(*&%./#,(*>7: ;":2#(3(*>7;C":#.3(.(*>7:$7%$7%**)/%'$.
$7%/,('%)$#$(*;A": 1.<(*&%.(*>7:*8%)$(>#$(*>
('%.;":
*)$#3,%6()7#*619#.;":#<#*619#.;"#*&',)%&$7% %8(&%*'% ;7%*%-#9(*%&1*&%.%'$(* . :$7%#''1)%&&%*(%& $7%%8(&%*'%,%&#>#(*)$7(9#)(*'..%'$#*&)$#$%&$7#$*.%'8%.=<#)
C %
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
(*>7#*&$7#$ 1.<(*&%.(*>7:# $%.>(8(*>7()(*$.&1'$(*:>#8%$7% /$(* >%$$(*>7(9)%, )%#.'7%&$7.1>77(9(* *>,()7 7%<($*%))
1.$7%.)$#$%&$7#$7%$,&$7%#''1)%&#*&$7%./%.)*)(* *>,()7$7#$$7%.% ())1)/('(*#>#(*)$$7%9$7#$$7%=#.%(*/))%))(* )9%(*$-('#$(*> )13)$#*'%#*&$7#$ 1.<(*&%.(*>7<#*$)$'*&1'$$7%(./%.)*#, )%#.'7#*&( $7%=&%)(.%:# #D%$$%&
('%..#!#>()$.#$%'#*3%'#,,%&$ $7%)/$ 7%#''1)%&#>.%%& .$7%(.)%#.'73% .%$7%(*8%)$(>#$(*>
('%.7%.%# $%.:$7%/%.)*#,)%#.'7 $7%#''1)%&<#)'*&1'$%&: .9 <7('77%.(*%<#).%'8%.%& .9#/#'B%$7%<($*%))7#) 1.$7%.)$#$%& $7#$7%7#&/.%/#.%&$7%'*)%*$9%9 ,%-#*&%.#*&$7%.)(* *>,()7 *$7%(*)$.1'$(*) 1.<(*&%.(*>77%*:(*$7%/.%)%*'% ":#/,=$7%*%%*8%,/%<#).%'8%.%& .9$7%,% $/'B%$ $.1)%.
#''1)%&,%-#*&%.: .9<7('7 >.#9) 7%.(*%<#).%'8%.%&%
A #,))$#$%$)%/#.#$(* )#9/,%)<%8%.:(*'.))%-#9(*#$(*:7% 7#))$#$%&$7#$# $%.#//.%7%*)(* #''1)%&,%-#*&%.:7%&(&*$)%#.'7 7(9<%8%.:7%)$#$%&$7#$7%$B1$$7%/,=$7%*%%*8%,/% .9$7% ,% $/'B%$ $7%$.1)%. $7%#''1)%&#*&/.&1'%&$7%#''1)%&#,*><($7 )#(&/,=$7%*%%*8%,/%3% .%$7%(*8%)$(>#$(*>
('%. 7%.%# $%.:$7% )%#.'7<#)'*&1'$%&3= 1.<(*&%.(*>7 7% .9#,)%#.'7 $7% #''1)%&<#)#,.%#&='*&1'$%&3% .%$7%#..(8#, $7%":31$$7%
('(#,)%#.'7<#)'*&1'$%&# $%.7()#..(8#,>#(*)#(&:$7%.%'8%.=<#) %
%'$%&(*$7%/.%)%*'% "7()()(*'9/,%$%'*$.#&('$(*$ $7%)$#$%9%*$ 1.<(*&%.(*>7<79#(*$#(*%&#);$7#$)(*'% #''1)%& <%.% *$ #3,% $ 1*&%.)$#*& (*&( . 1*2#3(: $7%.% .%: 7% '991*('#$%&<($7$7%9(* *>,()7#*&$7#$7%7#&(* .9%&$7#$7%<#) 7#8(*>)1)/('(*$7#$$7%=<%.%(*/))%))(* (*$-('#$(*>)13)$#*'%#*& $7%(.)%#.'7()$3%>$'*&1'$%&#*&$7#$$7%=7#8%>$,%>#,.(>7$$>%$ $7%(. )%#.'7 '*&1'$%& (* $7% /.%)%*'% # #D%$$%&
('%. . # !#>()$.#$%%>#8%
%.$$7%#''1)%&)%/#.#$%,=7%.%# $%.:$7%'*)%*$ 9%9<#)/.%/#.%& <%8%.:$7%)$#$%9%*$ 2#(3(*>7)7<) $7#$#) 1.<(*&%.(*>7<#)*$#3,%$'991*('#$%(* *>,()7<($7 $7%#''1)%&:$7%.% .%:$7%
%. )%#.'7<#)>(8%*$$7%#''1)%&$7.1>7 2#(3(*>77%
%.>(8%*<#)$7#$( $7%=<%.%(*$%.%)$%&(*>%$$(*> $7%(./%.)*#,)%#.'7'*&1'$%&#*&(*'#)%:$7%=&%)(.%:$7%)%#.'7$3% '*&1'$%& .9# #D%$$%&
('%..#!#>()$.#$%:$7%='1,&3%'#,,%& (.)$ #,,:$7()()*$$7%/./%.
%. /%.)*#,)%#.'77% )$#$%9%*$ 2#(3(*>7:<7:#''.&(*>$7(9:7#&'991*('#$%& <($7$7%#''1)%&(* *>,()7:<1,&)7<$7#$$7%#''1)%&<%.%*$$,& $7#$#''1)%&7#8%,%>#,.(>7$$>%$$7%)%#.'7'*&1'$%& .9# #D%$$%&
('%..#!#>()$.#$%#*&$7#$( $7%=&%)(.%:# #D%$$%&
('%..# !#>()$.#$%'#*3%'#,,%&#$$7%)/$(*'%$7%#''1)%&<%.%*$(* .9%& #31$$7%(..(>7$ )%#.'7:$7%.% .%:$7%)%#.'7()$7%.<()%3#&(*$7%%=%) ,#<!.%8%.:$7%9#**%. )%#.'7#*&3$#(*(*>'*)%*$9%9()#,) &13$ 1,$()*$',%#.<7%$7%.2#(3(*>7>#8%$7%
%. )%#.'7$ $7%#''1)%&(* *>,()7.($<#) 1.<(*&%.*>7:<77(9)%, >#8%$7%
%. )%#.'7 #*& '991*('#$%& <($7 $7% #''1)%& &9($$%&,=: $7% #''1)%&#.%(>%.(#**#$(*#,)#*&$7%=&*$1*&%.)$#*&(*&(.1*2#3( 7%*$7%)$#$%9%*$ 2#(3(*>7)7<)$7#$*#//.%7%*)(*
#''1)%&,%-#*&%.:7%$B1$$7%/,=$7%*% %*8%,/% .9$7%,% $/'B%$ 7()$.1)%.#*&$7%*/.&1'%&$7%#''1)%&#*&$7%/,=$7%*%/#'B%$ 3% .%$7% 1.<(&*%.(*>7:<7%.%#) 1.<(*&%.(*>77#))$#$%&$7#$ 7%7(9)%, '*&1'$%&$7%)%#.'7#*&$B1$$7%/,=$7%*%/#'B%$ .9$7% ,% $/'B%$ $7%$.1)%. $7%#''1)%& $7%)$#$%9%*$ 2#(3 (*>7()#''%/$%&:$7#$<1,&9%#*$7#$3% .%>(8(*>$7%
%. )%#.'7 # $%..3% .%#//.()(*>$7%#''1)%& $7%(..(>7$ )%#.'7:$7%)%#.'7<#) #,.%#&='*&1'$%&3=2#(3(*>7:# $%.7%$B1$#/,=$7%*%/#'B%$
.9$7%,% $/'B%$ $7%#''1)%&,%-#*&%.7()<1,&9%#*$7#$$7% '9/,(#*'% /.8()(*) %'$(*A $7%'$:@A:<#)*$ 9#&%#*&$7%)%#.'7()&% %'$(8% 7%,%#.*%&'1*)%, .$7%#//%,,#*$7#) 1.$7%.#.>1%&$7#$(* $7()'#)%:$7%'9/,(#*'% /.8()(*) %'$(*C $7%'$:
@A:<#)#,)*$9#&%7%/,('%7#&.%'%(8%&$7%(* .9#$(**$7% 9(&*(>7$ C
@<%8%.:$7%)#(&(* .9#$(*<#)*$.%&1'%& (*$<.($(*>#*&$7#$$7%.1E#<#))%*$$$7%/,('%)$#$(*:<7('7.%>()$%.%& $7%
<:$7%E1%)$(*<1,&#.()%<7%$7%.$7%.1E##91*$)$ '9/,(#*'% /.8()(*) %'$(*C $7%'$:@A? 7% 9#$$%. <#) .%'%*$,= %-#9(*%& 3= $7% /%- 1.$ (*
! C
A#.()(*>1$ .,) #*&
@:&%'(&%&* @
A":<7%.%(*(*# )(9(,#.'#)%:*.%'%(/$ )%'.%$(* .9#$(*(*#*'#)%:($3)%.8%& #)1*&%.+ G@ 7%),($#.=E1%)$(*$7#$#.()%) .1.'*)(&%.#$(*(* $7% (*)$#*$ #//%#,: () <7%$7%. $7% .%>()$.#$(* $7% (.)$ (* .9#$(*.%/.$:*#..#$(*>$7% #'$1#,/)($(*#)7#)#,.%#&= 3%%* &%)'.(3%&#$$7%3%>(**(*> $7() .&%.:#) #,):$7% '991*('#$(* $7% (.)$ (* .9#$(* .%/.$ $ $7% 1/%.(*$%*&%*$ ,('%: #*(/#$: <1,& '*)$($1$% #* %
%'$(8%'9/,(#*'% $7%/.8()(*)'*$#(*%&(*%'$(*C
$7%'$ #8(*> >(8%* 1. $71>7$ 1, '*)(&%.#$(* $ $7% )139())(*#&8#*'%&#$$7%7#*&) ,%#.*%&'1*)%, .$7% .%)/*&%*$:<%#.% $7%8(%<$7#$$7%9#*&#$%'*$#(*%&(* %'$(*C " $7%'$:.%E1(.(*>$7%.%'.&(*>(* <.($(*>: $7% &%$#(,) /%.$#(*(*> $ $7% .%'%(/$ )%'.%$ (* .9#$(*:#)#,):$7%'991*('#$(* $7%)#9%$$7% )1/%.(.
('%.#.%)%/#.#$%#*&&()$(*'$ .9$7%/.'%&1.% )$(/1,#$%& 1*&%. $7% /.8()(*) $7% &% .(9(*#, .'%&1.% 13)%'$(* %'$(*C $7%'$ /.8(&%)$7#$#!%$./,($#*!#>()$.#$%.#!#>()$.#$% $7% (.)$ ,#)) . #*= !#>()$.#$% %'*& ,#)) )/%'(#,,= %9/<%.%&3=$7%$#$% 8%.*9%*$9#=())1%#<#..#*$ .
$7%#..%)$ #*=/%.)*<797%7#).%#)*$3%,(%8%$7#8% '99($$%&#*=
%*'%/1*()7#3,%1*&%. 7#/$%.0 13 )%'$(* " %'$(*C.% %.)$())1% #1$7.(D#$(* .
)(9(,#./1./)%)3=$7%
('%.) $7%%/#.$9%*$) %*$.#, -'()%:#.'$('): 1)$9):%8%*1% *$%,,(>%*'%:%$'13 )%'$(*" %'$(*C $7%'$,#=)&<*:$7#$$7%
%9/<%.%&
('%.:( 7%7#)#/.(.(* .9#$(*>(8%*3=#*= /%.)*:)71,&*%'%))#.(,=$#B%($&<*(*<.($(*>:#*&<7%.% 7%7#).%#)*$3%,(%8% .97()/%.)*#,B*<,%&>%:$7#$
%*'%) 1*&%. 7#/$%. 0 7#8% 3%%* '99($$%& . $7#$ 9#$%.(#,)<7('79#= 1.*()7%8(&%*'% '99())(* )1'7
%*'%)#.%'*'%#,%&(*#*=31(,&(*>:%$'7%9#='#..=1$ $7%#..%)$.)%#.'7:<($71$<#..#*$3%$<%%*)1*.()%#*&)1*)%$ #*&7%9#=&)<($71$.%'.&(*>7().%#)*) 3%,(%7% $<)%/#.#$%/.'%&1.%)*$('%&%#.%%-',1)(8% *% #*$7%. 9/,(#*'% *%:<1,&*$(* %.$7%'9/,(#*'%
$7%$7%.*$7%'(.'19)$#*'%)'*$%9/,#$%&1*&%.%'$(*C
$7%'$:$7%9#*&#$% $7%/.'%&1.%'*$%9/,#$%& $7%.%(* <(,, 7#8%$ 3% ,,<%& )%/#.#$%,=:(*$7%9#**%.
(*$%./.%$%&3=$7() 1.$(*6#.*#(,(*>74)'#)%)1/.#"#*&$7% )#9%<(,,*$3%#))19%&:9%.%,=3%'#1)%$7%$#$(*1)%
('%.'*'%.*%&7#& .%>()$%.%&# (.)$(* .9#$(*.%/.$:
<7('7<#)#,)&()/#$'7%&$$7%1/%.(*$%*&%*$ ,('%:(* '9/,(#*'% <($7 $7% /.8()(*) $7% &% .(9(*#, .'%&1.%H 7%.% .%:#&()$(*'$(*7#)$3%9#&%#31$**.%'.&(*>
)%'.%$(* .9#$(*)%/#.#$%,=#*&.%'.&(*> )%'.%$(* .9#$(*(*$7% 7%)%'.%$(* .9#$(*().%E1(.%&$3%)%/#.#$%,=.%'.&%& 7%,%#.*%&'1*)%, .$7%#//%,,#*$7#) 1.$7%.#.>1%&$7#$(* $7()'#)%:$7%(*&%/%*&%*$<($*%))#)/#,(*>7<#)*$%-#9(*%& #9 $7%8(%<$7#$($()8%.=&(
('1,$*$7%/#.$ $7%/,('% $3$#(*$7%)%.8('%) #*(*&%/%*&%*$<($*%))#$$7%$(9% %
%'$(*> .%'8%.= *#.'$(') #*& 9#*= $(9%): $7% <($*%))%): ( 2(*%& &1.(*> (*8%)$(>#$(*:#.%*$<(,,(*>$'9% .<#.& . %#. .%/.()#,3=$7% #''1)%& 7%.% .%: ** %-#9(*#$(* (*&%/%*&%*$ <($*%)) () *$ 9#$%.(#, 7%,%#.*%&'1*)%, .$7%#//%,,#*$7#) 1.$7%.#.>1%&$7#$$7%
@ $#$(*1)%
('%.:<77#&/1$7())%#,*$7%'#)%/./%.$=#*& &%/)($%&$7%)#9%<($7$7%! :<7B%/$7())%#,<($77(97%.% .%:
$7%/))(3(,($= $7%'#)%/./%.$=3%(*>$#9/%.%&<($7'#**$.1,%&1$ #9 $7%8(%<$7#$$7%$#$(*1)%
('%.()$7#*&,% 9#*='#)%/./%.$(%)7%.%<%.%$<$7%.)%#,)(% "#*&
$7%*8%)$(>#$(*>
('%.7%.%()*%8(&%*'%* (,%$7#$$7%'#)%/./%.$= <#)%8%.$#9/%.%&<($7:*.($())7<*$7#$&%)/($%$7% #'$$7#$$7%'#)% /./%.$=<#)1,$(9#$%,=)%*$*
@:$7%.%<#)#*=$#9/%.(*><($7$7% '#)%/./%.$= 7%,%#.*%&'1*)%, .$7%#//%,,#*$7#) 1.$7%.#.>1%&$7#$$7% )#9/,% <#) $#B%* 3% .% $7% 1.$: 31$ $7% )#9% <#) *$ /.&1'%& <%8%.:$7() #'$($)%, ()*$)1
('(%*$$$7.<1$$7%/.)%'1$(*'#)% (9(,#.,=:( <7(,%'9/,=(*><($7$7%/.8()(*) %'$(*A $7% '$:@A:$7%/7$>.#/7)<%.%*$$#B%*:($<1,&*$3% #$#,$ $7%/.)%'1$(*'#)%!.%8%.:(*$7()'#)%:#''.&(*>$$7%/.)%'1$(*:
1./%.)*)<%.%#..%)$%& .9$7%)/$.9$7%$7.%%/%.)*):)(9(,#. E1#*$($=(% >.#9) 7%.(*%<#).%'8%.%&:<7('7.#$7%.#//%#.)$3% )$.#*>%7() #'$'1/,%&<($7$7%&()'1))(*#38%9#B%)$7%/.)%'1$(* '#)%&13$ 1, 7%.% .%: .9 $7% .%>(*> &()'1))(*: '9% $ $7% '*',1)(* $7#$ $7% /.)%'1$(* '1,& *$ /.8% ($) '#)% 3%=*& #,, .%#)*#3,%&13$) ''.&(*>,=:$7%/.%)%*$#//%#,()#,,<%&#*&$7% (9/1>*%&21&>9%*$ '*8('$(*#*&.&%. )%*$%*'%&#$%&
:
/#))%&3=$7%,%#.*%&1&>%:/%'(#, 1.$:#>#.:!7#,(:#.%)%$ #)(&%7%#''1)%&#//%,,#*$)$#*&)#'E1($$%& $7%'7#.>%) .#9%&#>#(*)$ 7(91*&%.%'$(* $7%'$:@A%3%.%,%#)%& .$7<($7:(
*$.%E1(.%&(*#*=$7%.'#)% 7%/.%)%*$#//%#,()#''.&(*>,=#,,<%& 5 "
)2B)