Harbans Singh v. State Of Punjab And Another
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'/4 "At this time one complaint No. CR No.13677DR No.7412, dated 30.10.12 has been received from Commissioner Officer, Police, Ludhiana to the DSP. Sir, Ludhiana (Area Division No.3, Ludhiana). Subject: Related to the shop No.55, Guru Nanak Market, Hazuri Road, Ludhiana. Respected Sir, it is requested that our property V/5/428 situated at Hazuri Road, Ludhiana owned by Rajinder Singh, Surinder Singh, Jagdev Singh and Paramjit Singh, all are sons of Natha Singh. In this property, there is one shop No.55, which was lying vacant for the last 78 years and its electricity meter was also
disconnected by the electricity board. The shop was lying vacant since the Indian Acrelic Ltd. left the shop. The possession of this shop was with the four brothers, but I have quarrelled with three brothers from the last sometime. Rajinder Singh, Surinder Singh and Jagdev Singh, all sons of Natha Singh have rented out this shop to one Chhole Bhature Wala Dilawar Singh son of Phuman Singh without my consent and they have also taken Rs.8 lacs Salami Pagri at the market price. The shop was rented out without my consent and I have come to know about this when Dilawar Singh unlocked the shop and took the possession when I asked him why he is opening the shop then he threatened me by saying that Rajinder Singh, Surinder Singh and Jagdev Singh are with me, you can do whatever you want to do.
When I asked Rajinder Singh, Surinder Singh and Jagdev Singh why they gave this shop on rent without his consent, then they accompany with Harbans Singh son of Rajinder Singh, Harjinder Singh son of Surinder Singh and Dilawar Singh son of Phuman Singh abused me and pushed me out by saying that you do what you can do, we have rented it out and if you will fight with us then you will be in difficulty and you will have to pay the cost for this. Respected Sir, I apprehended that they can kill me. Kindly take necessary steps on my complaint and the possession of the shop will be given to me. I shall be highly thankful to you. Sd/ Paramjit Singh son of Natha Singh, resident of B5/471, Hazuri Road, Ludhiana, Mobile No.9569532004. 0 .
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4 "319. Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence.
(1) Where, in the course of any inquiry into, or trial of, an offence, it appears from the evidence that any person not being the accused has committed any offence for which such person could be tried together with the accused, the Court may proceed against such person for the offence which he appears to have committed.
(2) Where such person is not attending the Court, he may be
arrested or summoned, as the circumstances of the case may require, for the purpose aforesaid.
(3) Any person attending the Court, although not under arrest or upon a summons, may be detained by such Court for the purpose of the inquiry into, or trial of, the offence which he appears to have committed.
(4) Where the Court proceeds against any person under sub section (1), then (a) the proceedings in respect of such person shall be commenced a fresh, and the witnesses reheard;
(b) subject to the provisions of clause (a), the case may proceed as if such person had been an accused person when the Court took cognizance of the offence upon which the inquiry or trial was commenced."
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31. In analysing the issue and making the above conclusion on all aspects, we are also persuaded by the view taken by this Court, among others, in the case of Rajendra Singh v. State of U.P. and Another (2007) 7 SCC 378 wherein it is concluded with regard to the object of section 319 of CrPC, 1973 as hereunder: "20. The power under Section 319 of the Code is conferred on the court to ensure that justice is done to the society by bringing to book all those guilty of an offence. One of the aims and purposes of the criminal justice system is to maintain social order. It is necessary in that context to ensure that no one who appears to be guilty escapes a proper trial in relation to that guilt. There is also a duty to render justice to the victim of the offence. It is in recognition of this that the Code has specifically conferred a power on the court to proceed against others not arrayed as accused in the circumstances set out by this section.
It is a salutary power enabling the discharge of a court's obligation to the society to bring to book all those guilty of a crime.
21. Exercise of power under Section 319 of the Code, in my view, is left to the court trying the offence based on the evidence that comes before it. The court must be satisfied of the condition precedent for the exercise of power under Section 319 of the Code. There is no reason to assume that a court trained in law would not exercise the power within the confines of the provision and decide whether it may proceed against such person or not. There is no rationale in fettering that power and the discretion, either by calling it extraordinary or by stating that it will be exercised only in exceptional circumstances. It is intended to be used when the occasion envisaged by the section arises."
"32.We have also kept in view the point by point analysis of the object and power to be exercised under Section 319 of CrPC, as has been indicated in para 34 of Manjit Singh vs. State of Haryana and Others (2021) SCC Online SC 632."
33. For all the reasons stated above, we answer the questions referred as hereunder: "I. Whether the trial court has the power under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 for summoning additional accused when the trial with respect to other coaccused has ended and the judgment of conviction rendered on the same date before pronouncing the summoning order?
The power under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 is to be invoked and exercised before the pronouncement of the order of sentence where there is a judgment of conviction of the accused. In the case of acquittal, the power should be exercised before the order of acquittal is pronounced. Hence, the summoning order has to precede the conclusion of trial by
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imposition of sentence in the case of conviction. If the order is passed on the same day, it will have to be examined on the facts and circumstances of each case and if such summoning order is passed either after the order of acquittal or imposing sentence in the case of conviction, the same will not be sustainable. II. Whether the trial court has the power under section 319 of the CrPC, 1973 for summoning additional accused when the trial in respect of certain other absconding accused (whose presence is subsequently secured) is ongoing/pending, having been bifurcated from the main trial?
The trial court has the power to summon additional accused when the trial is proceeded in respect of the absconding accused after securing his presence, subject to the evidence recorded in the split up (bifurcated) trial pointing to the involvement of the accused sought to be summoned. But the evidence recorded in the main concluded trial cannot be the basis of the summoning order if such power has not been exercised in the main trial till its conclusion. III. What are the guidelines that the competent court must follow while exercising power under section 319 CrPC, 1973?" (i) If the competent court finds evidence or if application under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 is filed regarding involvement of any other person in committing the offence based on evidence recorded at any stage in the trial before passing of the order on acquittal or sentence, it shall pause the trial at that stage.
(ii) The Court shall thereupon first decide the need or otherwise to summon the additional accused and pass orders thereon.
(iii) If the decision of the court is to exercise the power under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 and summon the accused, such summoning order shall be passed before proceeding further
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with the trial in the main case.
(iv) If the summoning order of additional accused is passed, depending on the stage at which it is passed, the Court shall also apply its mind to the fact as to whether such summoned accused is to be tried along with the other accused or separately.
(v) If the decision is for joint trial, the fresh trial shall be commenced only after securing the presence of the summoned accused.
(vi) If the decision is that the summoned accused can be tried separately, on such order being made, there will be no impediment for the Court to continue and conclude the trial against the accused who were being proceeded with. (vii) If the proceeding paused as in (i) above is in a case where the accused who were tried are to be acquitted and the decision is that the summoned accused can be tried afresh separately, there will be no impediment to pass the judgment of acquittal in the main case.
(viii) If the power is not invoked or exercised in the main trial till its conclusion and if there is a splitup (bifurcated) case, the power under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 can be invoked or exercised only if there is evidence to that effect, pointing to the involvement of the additional accused to be summoned in the split up (bifurcated) trial.
(ix) If, after arguments are heard and the case is reserved for judgment the occasion arises for the Court to invoke and exercise the power under section 319 of CrPC, 1973 the appropriate course for the Court is to set it down for re hearing.
(x) On setting it down for rehearing, the above laid down procedure to decide about summoning; holding of joint trial or otherwise shall be decided and proceeded with accordingly.
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(xi) Even in such a case, at that stage, if the decision is to summon additional accused and hold a joint trial the trial shall be conducted afresh and de novo proceedings be held. (xii) If, in that circumstance, the decision is to hold a separate trial in case of the summoned accused as indicated earlier; (a) The main case may be decided by pronouncing the conviction and sentence and then proceed afresh against summoned accused. (b) In the case of acquittal the order shall be passed to that effect in the main case and then proceed afresh against summoned accused.
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