High Court of Punjab and HaryanaCRM-A/982/2015dismissed

State Of Haryana v. Suresh @ Sinu And ORS

2015-11-0329 pages

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CRM-A-982-MA-2015 Having gone through the detailed judgment of my learned brother S. S. Saron, J., received by me 3 weeks ago, I agree with the reasoning given therein, for dismissing the applications seeking leave to appeal against the judgment of the learned trial Court, acquitting the respondents of the charges framed against them with regard to offences punishable under Sections 307, 323, 324, 506/34 IPC. As regards signing the detailed judgment after the retirement of my learned brother, the detailed reasoning given in the judgment being only in furtherance of the order of dismissal pronounced by us in Court, I see no impediment in doing so.

In this context, a judgment of the Privy Council in Firm Gokal Chand Jagan Nath v. Firm Nand Ram Das- Atma Ram AIR 1938 PC 292 and two of the Supreme Court, in Surendra Singh and others v. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1954 SC 194 and Iqbal Ismail Sodawala v. The State of Maharashtra and others (1975) 3 SCC 140 , can be cited.

In Firm Gokal Chand, it was held by their Lordships as follows:- "A further point was raised by the appellants. They urged that the judgment of the High Court appealed from was not a valid judgment because it failed to comply with Order 41, Rule 31, Civil Procedure Code. The relevant facts on this issue are that the hearing in the High Court was before two Judges, Harrison and Agha Haider JJ., and was actually delivered by the former Judge, the latter agreeing. The judgment was delivered on 22nd February 1933, but Harrison J. went on leave before signing the judgment, which was signed by Agha Haider J., the Deputy Registrar appending a note that Harrison J. had gone on leave before signing the judgment he delivered. Order 41, Rule 31

CRM-A-982-MA-2015 requires that the judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state various matters, and "shall at the time that it is pronounced be signed and dated by the Judges or by the Judges concurring therein."

The Rule does not say that if its requirements are not complied with the judgment shall be a nullity. So startling a result would need clear and precise words. Indeed the Rule does not even state any definite time in which it is to be fulfilled. The time is left to be defined by what is reasonable. The Rule from its very nature is not intended to affect the rights of parties to a judgment. It is intended to secure certainty in the ascertainment of what the judgment was. It is a rule which Judges are required; to comply with for that object. No doubt in practice Judge do so comply, as it is their duty to do. But accidents may happen. A Judge may die after giving judgment but before he has had a reasonable opportunity to sign it. The Court must have inherent jurisdiction to supply such a defect.

The case of a Judge who has gone on leave before signing the judgment may call for more comment, but even so the convenience of the Court and the interest of litigants must prevail. The defect is merely an irregularity. But in truth the difficulty is disposed of by Sections 99 and 108. Civil Procedure Code section 99 provides that no decree shall be reversed or substantially varied nor shall any case be remanded in appeal on account of any error, defect or irregularity in any proceedings in the suit not affecting the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court. That Section comes in the part dealing with appeals from original decrees. But Section 108 applies the same provision to appeals from appellate decrees and it is always in the discretion of the Board to apply the principle on appeal to His Majesty in Council.

In their Lordships' judgment the defect here was an irregularity not affecting the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court, and is no ground for setting aside the decree."

CRM-A-982-MA-2015 That of course was a matter pertaining to a civil case. In Surendra Singh, which was in the case of a criminal appeal before the Allahabad High Court, it was held that a draft judgment, even signed, cannot be taken to be a judgment pronounced by a Judge. In that case, after having signed the draft of a judgment that had been reserved and sending it to the other member of the Division Bench, the hon'ble Judge who had sent the draft (Bhargava, J.) unfortunately died before the judgment was pronounced.

In such a situation, their Lordships of the Supreme Court held that the judgment subsequently pronounced by Kidwai, J. could not be held to be a valid judgment and therefore the death sentence upheld in the case of one of the appellants and the sentences for lesser periods for different offences in respect of the other appellants, could not be held to be operative and that hence, the appeals would have to be reheard by the High Court. Thus, in that case the judgment was never actually pronounced by Bhargava, J. before he died and what was signed and sent by him to Kidwai, J. was a draft judgment. Therefore, it was held that it could not be presumed that Bhargava, J., (had he remained alive), could not have changed his mind before pronouncing the judgment.

In the present case the judgment having been duly pronounced in Court, to the effect that the appeal of the appellant is dismissed, the situation as existed in Surendra Singhs' case (supra) is not applicable. In Sodawalas' case (supra), it was not a judgment in appeal that was in question but the judgment of the trial Court itself, which had been pronounced in Court but had not been delivered after signature and transcription, to the accused.

CRM-A-982-MA-2015 Referring to the judgment in Surendra Singhs' case as also to Firm Gokal Chand, it was held that the learned Sessions Judge not appending his signatures to the judgment at the time it was pronounced, due to it not having been transcribed, was a procedural irregularity which would not vitiate the conviction of the accused.

In the present case, though there is no issue of any transcription from one language to another, but nonetheless, the judgment drafted by my learned brother being, to repeat, in elaboration of and giving reasoning for what was pronounced in Court, in my opinion, it would be appropriate to issue the judgment formally even now, though a very long time has elapsed since its pronouncement.

It needs to be noticed here that in Vinod Kumar Singh v. Banaras Hindu University and others (1988) 1 SCC 80 , it was held by the Supreme Court that a judgment which has been pronounced but not signed, can be even modified, if there are adequate reasons for the same, in which situation, the matter should be placed for further consideration, upon notice to parties.

That situation again does not arise in the present case, as the detailed judgment is not different to the order pronounced in Court on 03.11.2015.

Consequently, I agree with the judgment of my learned brother S.S. Saron, J.

(AMOL RATTAN SINGH) JUDGE January 29, 2018 dinesh