Bharat Jindal v. State Of Punjab
!""#$%&" '(## %( )(*
#"#( '*%+", -(.
%&(%#
'((%#
*",!/ (0&1 "#( #!(.(## %( 2##"% (!"0&&/02"3"%" 4#5*4"/ 3"0&1 "#( #!( 4."%"%# !(.((%#.(## %!",((%(&*%&( %78' 3,"# .(## %( !""#$%&"% "( -
78 &"#(&8 (9#((&*%&( %880 070"%&87 '"# '
( #"# %#3 "%"" :("%(& *%( #!( .(## %( %#(%& #!"# " .( "(9"# %%#!( -0#!(.(## %(;"##%9 %4 3 ("". &("%& "*(&&"4"9(# #!( " 4."%"%#!( -!",((% (9#((&&*(# #!(%*(% ( #!(,"%< ""%&;#!
*#(1(% "..( "#%9#!(" ##!"#%" ##!(( 1(3"9(%#(%#,3#!(,"%<;(( #3%9# #"<( ,(.
( #!(2 #(&(.#(#!((,(%9#"3 "(%"# %,3#!(#" *#%" 1*#(&,3"*%# #!(.(## %( :("%(& *%(*#!( %#(%&#!"#""(# 3!",((% #(&,3
#!( 4."%"%#% &(# .(*=(#!(.(## %(# !"%& 1(#!(<(3 #!(2 #(# #!(,"%<:("%(& *%(" %#(%&#!"#% %+*3;" "*(&# #!(,"%< ""%& %3&"4"9(;"# #!( " " 1(%#!((% "(9"# %%#!( -#!"#%+*3;" "*(&# #!(.( ;!
;((##%9 % #!( "
( 1(3 # ,( (( #(& 4#!( .(## %("%& *# &"%#( 9"# %% #(>*(&##!((%&0("%(&
*%( #!(.(## %( %#(%&#!"# (% (*%&( % 07"%& '"(,"",("%&#!((% %9(&(%# %88 '%#!( - !( 9%="% ( (% (*%&( % 088 ' "%% #,( #"<(%(? (.#,34 1%9";##(% 4."%# :("%(& *%( #!( (.
%&(%#
#"#( !" ..
(& #!( *,4 %4"&(,3("%(& *%( #!(.(## %("%&*,4##!"# %#(%# #!(.(## %(;" (""!( ;(&#!(,"%< ""%& &"4"9(&#!( "0;!(("0#!(,"%< ";(%##!((# .( 4#!(
" &*#( "%& # ."#( #!( % # ( %3 :("%(& #"#( *%(
%#(%&#!"#
" *(&;"&1%9#!(4 3 ("%&#!(.(## %(;" ##%9". %&("%&!##!(;%& ;."%( #!( ":("%(& #"#(
*%(" %#(%&#!"##!( ";"&"4"9(& 4," <";(" %#&("%&#!(.(## %(& (% #&((1(#!( % ( ," :("%(& *%( #!( 4."%"%# !" " ..
(& #!( *,4 %4"&(,3("%(& *%( #!(.(## %( %#!(9 *%&#!"# #!(.(## %(% # %3 "*(&&"4"9(# #!( ",*# "*(&%+*3# #!(
*."%# #!( "!(" #"%& %&* # #!(.(## %(;";*"%& "!(% # %3.(1(%#(&#!(,"%< "# .( 4#!( "&*#( ,*#%#4&"#(&#!(4"%& "*(& # #!( " 2("& #!( "9*4(%# "&1"% (& ,3 ("%(& *%( #!(
8 ."#( "%&!"1(" 9 %(#! *9!#!( %#(%# #!( -"%& #!( & *4(%#"1"",( %#!(( !( -;"(9#((& %#!(#"#(4(%# "!(!!"%&(0 ;!
;";
<%9"!("%"9(%'*%+", "# %" "%<0 "#!%&" .("(9"# %%#!( -0!(" %9;#!!#"4(4,(;(%## #"<( 34, .
( % 4#!(&("*#( #!(,"%<"%& ?%9#!( # ( #!(,"%< @!((#*%%9," <0#!(.(## %(" %9;#!
" *(&0;!
;(( %4 3 ("4(&;#! % &!"&, <(%#!( ;%& ;."%( #!( "0;! ! (" 4#!(.!
9".!!
;%%#!( *#"##!(#4( !("%9 #!( "(%(" !%9#!(.
(0;! !;" "(&,3#!( *."%# #!( "0#!(" *(&(&";"3 4#!(.
#
# %3#!(&"4"9(;" "*(&# #!( ",*#"%3*%# ;"&% &(%# *& !"1(!"..(%(&" %( #!(" *(&;"!
&%9 % &%!!"%&"%&
#!(;"&1%94 3 ( #" (" 4#!(.!
9".!#!"##!( ,"%< ";((#!((# ."#(#!(% # ("%&;((& !"9%9#!(
"&*#3 3,"0#!(%"#*(09"1#3 (% (" ;(" ( #!(" *(&# ,(((%!(("( (#"%" # 0;! !"( ,( %&((&;!(9"%#%9,"*%&( %78'2 %A,(#!( .(? *#%"+*&94(%#(%&((&%
!"!#$ !%& % %'()*
% #'% $ !"*44"=(& (#"% " # # ,(#"<(%%# %&("# %;!(9"%#%9"%# ."# 3,"0;! !
"((. &* (&"*%&(
B!(.% .(;! ! "%,( *(& *#0 #!(.*.
( #!( %#"%# "(0 "%,(#"#(&"*%&(
!( 4."%# (& "9"%# #!( " *(& %((& # ,(
7 #!
*9!3 (?"4%(&0 % *&%9 #!( ".( # ;!(#!( #!(
4."%"%#!"(&""( 1 * 4."%# %("(
" %!( *#!
*&" (?"4%(#!(" #;!(#!(#!(( "%3"43&.*#(,(#;((%#!(" *(&"%&#!( 4."%"%# "%&#!( 4."%"%#4*#,( ("3# &#!"##!( 4."%# *%&# ,("( 1 *0#!(%# #" # %;,(#"<(% "9"%#!4%"
&"% (;#!"; %%1"% (,(#;((% #!( 4."%"%#"%&#!(%1(#9"#%9 ((#",!(&#!(% " # %,(#"<(%"9"%##!(%1(#9"#%9 (%"
&"% ( ;#!"; !(9"1#3 !"9("%&#!((?" # ( #!(" *(&4*# ,(. .(3 4.(!(%&(& ( ("(#0#!("(#%9 ( 4*#( &#!(1"&(" %;! !!"1((&# #!("(# #!( " *(&%#!( "(&"3 %(? (.# %" "(0#!(("
*&,(( &(&44(&"#(3"#(#!("(#0 #!"#;!( &("%9;#!#!(,"".. "# %0#!((4"<"%& ,(1"#
#!("(#%9 ( "%" ,(. .(3(1"*"#(&,3#!(
*# # 4.("#1( #!( *# # "(*3 "%& ;#!
4(# * * .( % (1"*"#( #!( " # #!( "( !( & (# %# 9"%#,"4*#,((?( (& %#!(," #!( "1"",(4"#(""%&#!(" # #!(."# *" "( % "( ;!((#!( *# %&((&1(;#!"##!(" *(&!" + %(&#!(%1(#9"# %"%&!(*3
.("#%9;#!#!( %1(#9"#%9"9(% 3"%&% #<(3# ", %&0%#!"#(1(%#0 *# &"%#( 9"# %!
*&,("1 &(&9("#9% 4%30
!*4"# %"%&&9" ("##" !(&# "(#(#("&#
4"%3( * %(>*(% (% # %3 #!(" *(&,*# #!( (%#( "43 "%& "# #4( #!( (%#( 44*%#3 # .( .(& % #4"<("%3&#% # %,(#;((%"(#"#".(
%1 # %#"9( .
#
%1 # %#"9( 1!((% +*# "# % ("&%9%# %78' #!(4#"# %4(%# %(&% %78'!(.(%##*&(
% 78 4*# ,( 91(% # * ."3 !(( %
(>*(4(%##!"##!(" *(&4*#4"<( *#"B.( " "(C #!( (?( ( #!( .
;( # 9"%# "%# ."# 3 ," ! 1#*"30(&* (#!("*#"3.
;( %((&,3 %78 '# "&("&(##(.( %((<%9"%# ."# 3,"# "((4"%(%##(&# #!(.(*4.# %% (% (2( ;%9# *,4## (#"%#"%& %&# % %!((& ,3#!(" (.#"% ( %&# %;! !#!( *#4"3&((4##
4.
(0% %&("# #!("*"% (#!"#"(#(&0!( !",((%"9(& %," 1 !( . .( *( " # % % "% ".. "# % 3," *9!## ,(#!"#"#((1"*"#%9#!("1(4(%# "%&" *"# %"1"",( %#!(( &#!( *#% %(& 9"%#"%# ."# 3,"#!(%"%%#(4,",(9"%#(&"%& # (,(*(&# #!('*, ' ( *# #(!("%9#!( '*, ' ( *# #!( *#4"3(#!((+( ##!("%# ."# 3 ,"".. "# %4#!(%#" &( 9"%#%9,"!(
*#;
*& (#"%3,((%##(&# 4.
( %&# % #!( 9"%# "%# ."# 3 ," !( '*, ' ( *# #!(
4."%"%#;
*&,("#,(#3# 4 1(#!("4( *# "% ("# 4 &3%9#!( %&# % "%# ."# 3,""# "%3 #4( ,(#3 9"%#(& ,3 #!( *# 4*(& !( 3 ," 9"%#(& ,3 #!( *# !
*& &%"3 ,(
%#%*(&##!(#" #!( "( 1 #"(##(&(9".
# %#!"##!( *#;! !9"%##!( ,"" !"#!(.
;(# "% (#!(& (# 9"%# "% ("# ," "%,((?( (&(#!("##!(%#"% ( #!( " *(&0#!('*, ' ( *# #!( 4."%"%#0 %%&%9 %(;4"#(" *4#"% ("#"%3.
%# #4( 1 %.**"% ( &( #!( *# ( #!( 29! *#0 % (#!(" *(&(("(& %"%# ."# 3,",3 #!(#" *#0#!(%#;
*&,(*%(" %",(# 4.(#!( " *(&# *(%&(,( (#!(#" *#"%&"9"%"..3 (9*"," 1 (# %1(#(&%#!( *#%"4"##(!
*&,( (?( (&;#! "("%& *4.( # %&(.(%&%9*.
%#!( " #"%& *4#"% (+*#3%9#(?( ( 4"30#!( & (# %1(#(&;#!#!( *#*%&( %78'!
*& " ,((?( (&;#! "*# %"%&.*&(% ( #*%%( ("3 #"1(,(3 %&#"%&*,+( ##!(;&(.
;("%&& (#
%((&,3#!((9"#*(# "9 * &( ( 4.
(& 4#"# % ?
%(?,(9*&(%( #"#+" <(# 4*" "%,( . 1&(& (*" 3,",( "*(" *4#"% ( "%& #*"# % *#*( "%% # ,( ("3
1*"(& #!( 9"%# (*" "%# ."# 3 ,"
%"% (;#!(9"#1(%#(%# %0#!(9"%# (*" 3,"!
*&%( ("3&(.(%& %#!(" #"%& *4#"% ( (" ! "( ?@(!"" (. &* (.""
#!(+*&94(%#;!((% #!( *#&(%("#(&#!( ;%9" # "%&.""4(#(#!"# %((& # ,( #"<(% %# %&("# % ;!( &("%9 ;#!
3,"
"!(%"#*("%&9"1#3 #!(" *"# %"%&#!((?" # (
#!(" *(&4*#,(. .(3 4.(!(%&(&,( ("(# 4"&(D ,!("%#( (&(%# #!(".. "%#% *&%9#!(" #"#
;!(#!(#!(" *(&!".(1 *3*%&(9 %(4. %4(%#
%1 # %,3" *#%(.( # "%3 9%=",( (% (D !(.
,#3 #!(".. "%## (( 4+*# (D &!(.
,#3 #!(" *(&A<(!
&# (.("#4"
#!( (% (D (@!((#!(" *"# %!"1(,((%4"&( %3;#!#!( ,+( #
%+*%9 !*4"#%9#!(".. "%#,3"(#%9!4 !(D 4." # 9"%# 3,"."# *"3% "( "9(4"9%#*&("( #%9"1(3"9(%*4,( .( .(D 9 !( *# 4*# (1"*"#( #!( (%#( "1"",( 4"#(" "9"%##!(" *(&1(3 "(*3!( *#4*#" ("3
4.(!(%&#!((?" # ( #!(" *(&%#!( "(!( "( %;! !#!(" *(&4. "#(&;#!#!(!(. %87 "%& 7E #!('(%" &(0 #!( *#!
*& %&(;#!
(1(%9("#( "("%& "*# %0,( "*( 1(4. "# %%#!( "("4"##( %<% ;(&9("%& % (%D !@!( %&(%9#!(."3( 3,"0"
,""% ( !" # ,( #* < ,(#;((% #;
" # 0 %"4(30 %
.(+*& (!
*&,( "*(&# ((0""%&*%1(#9"# %0 "%&#!((!
*&,(.(1(%# !""4(%#0!*4"# %"%& *%+*#(&&(#(%# #!(" *(&D !( *# !
*& %&( (" %",( "..(!(% % #"4.(%9 #!( ;#%( "..(!(% % #!("# # #!(
4."%"%#D +1 #3%. ( *# %!
*&";"3,( %&((&"%&# %3 #!( ((4(%# 9(%*%(%( #!"# !" !"1( # ,(
%&((&%#!(4"##( 9"%# ,""%&%#!((1(%# #!(( ,(%9 4( & *,# " # #!( 9(%*%(%( #!( . ( *# %0%#!(% 4" *( (1(%#0#!(" *(&% (%##(&# "% &( ,"
%1(; #!(" #"4(%# %(&", 1("%&#!("(9"# (1((& % #!( -0 #!( .(## %( & ( % # &((1( % ( % 3,""( *"(9"# %"(#!(("9"%#!4 &%930 #!(( % 4(# % #!( %#(%# % "(& ,3("%(& *%( #!( .(## %("%&#!(.(## %,(%9&(1 & "%34(#!((,3&4(& "3 0 + , .
+"
@!(#!(.("<%9F(" %(& G(F
@!(#!((.
#",( G(F