Ravi Nandan Agarwal And ORS. v. Punjab State Etc.
!"!#$!%&'( ) *)* #&'&+',!%&'(*- ) *)*
( .
/ 000 1 .
/ 01/ ! "#$ % !#&&&'&( )*& +, %%& !,((-&" %.,&%&/( )*&', %0&/%/'&( )*& +, 12)2 00 1 2 4 ,!,,&(,56,' 5&6*/&2,,&+7&* /+ 56 8&,!+,*,2+&2 "#, * 9: + , -&" ' 2)2 *( 4;<< 5,&++,*&// &,=*+4;<<=6(2+/ <;>9:? & 9?4<4;;@ 56 , &'& & ?;?<4;;A , /)& &"B&, & & (,,! ,&2&
"# ,&/#*" +'#&(*,&* +,&# */&&( *@<546+,=*+4;<<=6 3,4+35 3,67#&+'% < ,&&+*& *9:+,=*+4;<<= "*&2&//#"/, , &74C?44;;D(& ( & ',&+'&"/, <@?44;;D(& ,&+'& "/, +,, 294?44;;D 9 4,!,7*!'*+ *@4546+,=*+4;<<=&* , )/2 *,2+&&4(&4(*E=.=(&,&E,& *,2 '&+&2 "#2)2 *<@& ', * <A5<6+,=*+4;<<=,+*& *@<546'& 4:?44;;: @ +,&*++*&565&6(,&'& "*&2 & ?;?
<4;;A( &! , *2& &256(*+,**567!,&*B /& &'4!'48&'"&94:!5!3#'!%,&+'"!59:!;!4848&'!#" D 56 , /& */ + , 56 &/ * ,&,!,2+ *9A5<6+,=*+4;<<=(, &+&*+*(,*+,& *(*&'//&)&/ &#+/"-*'!(,',& +:? &#+2,)*+,&+& * ')(,"2,& ,"&*, ,&")&#)(&2*,&( *+,&*B* !"*2!) <D(& ("!) /#4,+( ,* !&&!
56 + , "/*& + , 2! *,2( 4+/ "-*571D6 ')(, /& */+,56* (,& & B(,4'&) &*#+,/&#/& +,2! *,2&,++/!& ""-* ,,(,2& &+ *9:596+,=*+4;<<='& "&*, 56 ,/& */+,* ,&( *,&'& 5&6'&2& &+2,&'#&/&!( *,&*++*& *@<546+,=*+ 4;<<=4:?44;;:(',*,* *:+, & *B*(4A;@5,&++,*&// &,=*+4A;@=6( &2*,&(,&&'& "!* ?;?
<4;;A( ,"#"&*,*& ,2& &*/ *441+, =* + 4A;@=( ) ',+ & 7&* ,&+( & /&/#,2! &'& )& (& (,&2"B&, & & +,&")&!2,/& - !2& "#,.
( &
! "& &- !2 "#, ="/7 .( 4;;<5 .6<<4@ #&$8"8&'"&90!,48&'* &94:!.
,4&9**.
#$$% $
%$ %&'( )* & ++ $
%$ * %&
$%,
++-$.% /%%%&,.*$ $$
%&, *+.& %&,/.
$ %&
.*$ 0$& %$ 1
*2 +$++ $$% $
2'%$ $ .%
%& ++2% %+$**$ % %& 2 + &
%$ *$ $$% $ $ .%
%$
%& ++2$ /.$ &
$.2+$% $ $%+ $ 4 %&
%$ ",5 #&$8"8&'"&90!,48&' &94:!.
,4&9.
3 !
'( ++% ++& 6
-
%$ -$$
.$ - &
.2+$% $
%+ $
$ - $&
-$$ .$ , $.% $ 4 %0$$$ +
++ + .
*$ $ % - $ %+ $ 2 .2+$ 2 %&& %&
%0$$$ &
& %, 78 "8 78,
- ++2&
-$$ .$ - & %%&& %& 9/.+
$ ' :
%&.$ 4 .$ - $ $%$ ,.$ $ 4-$%
%$ .% $ 42 6 $ .
% $
%+ $ $ 2
++2 /%+ 5 5)6 ,/& */+,56&!(,& ,'& *#*&((,&*B!&,#((2 +,/)&)+,=*+4A;@=(, &'&&+ *,2( ',&( , ** # &'! , )# *,2',*,"*&2&/-* "#,.,+(,1 &'! "# , ** ( + , )# *,2 ',*, "*&2&/-* "# ,.(,&/ B,&2 "*2! *&* "#,.
"
5)6 2&E!,&")&!2(,,&/ 714,& &72" &) *2& "#, .. 14:4:414;;?,"-*2&+&*B+, & '(,&&"2/&,"-*2&(+ &*B,&' 5)6 ,& '(&*,&//!'&2& , /&*,!+,&*B* ! ,=*+4;<<= & !+,&)&+,) *(&(2& ,' 5&6( */ ,& , ' 5&6( "*&2 &//' ,+(,/& */+,56&!(,&*, )#*,2&"*&2&/**+//#*,&//!
(&,,&" 1"/, & >,&&/"&,&) ,+(,& 1"/*&+,)#&2 1&) *,2(,)&"/# , (+21"/,!12&E!&#*,2 &/E,',*,&/"*&2B&, & & 5)6 %)(,* ,&,,+,& ,/ 7 ,/& (",/&*,!+ &*B * !
& *,2,',&,*,2&+&2 ',, ,&)!,B2#',,2+ &# 4:! #!3"&'" 4& <! 3""87'!% :!#!8'394!# 4:! 3<&$! #38"!% ,&'4!'48&'"8'4:!=#84;!4848&'3#!<!#!94&9$87'%4:!#!<>4:!>
3#!#!?!,4!% : ,! ,&/&!& "&*,"!2& ,2& &+,) *5&6(!) ,+&*2(,& ,& ) *5&6*&!(&&# -*((,&*B!&,#','#&+, 2&E!+,/)& */&&(,2&E,&'& ("',, & &'& 2&!1 (,',,&") + 2(,"#,&'& )& (&,&! ',*,'&& -* C ,!,,&")&!2 "#&- !2 2& "#, ="/7.4;;<5 .6<<4@(',( ,&"7/& (,&,)+,=*+4A;@=& &2 &&&/*&"/,* ! &' , =*+4;<<=,+(,*#+, &'!+&&'& "# , .
//* ** ( , ', ' #& +2 , & + &*+& */&&(2& *@<546+,=*+ 4;<<=(&(* *:+,=*+4A;@=(&,'& B "*2/ (,+)&/ &!
')( ) + &2!/# , &'& /# 2& "# & +'#&(*,&*+,/)& */&&(#,2&E!+,&'& (,',2,&& '#&/&!*,2&E!+,/)& */&&(&, )&,&'& ; ,&"*2*2 ,+&*2,&(* ,/#(&++ &)(+, ,'(2 ( ,&*,&) *,2('&& /&&/&! 7&+/& (',("*&2*/ &/,&+
#
56%)(*,&"+, &/ /#( &++ &)(,&+,/& ' &&&2(+ & ,&&2 * . 44AC?14;;A("+,.(& &/+/ &*)/(',!& 72+,/)& +/& (& (',&7&-*'& )1&1), & &&&2&,"! 1 (+2,/& ( 7*&** &*',/&' 4? & (*,!,& 2& 944?4;;:( , &+& -* '& 2& &"/ .B/#( * ,&*"B/#,& &&&2+/ &, (?@444;;:(',!& ,&*B /& (& &* "!2& "#,2)2(,/& &/.+ !
&&-*/&/#,/)&&*/+,/& +, & &&&2("*&2"-* /&'+/&*B56 44 .B/#( * ,&* + , &") +2(, /& 2& /!&(,"#( *, "*&2& +2&2!) ,&*B /& /&/#(',,& (, /!&(B "7*/ (& >,"#(, ** &,"*&2&"/#*/ (',& +' #&(*,2&E!+,/)& */&&(,2&E&&'& 4< ,&")2& &!2"#,/& */+, &)&/ /#2& &!2,&"!
,&* ',& +'#&(&2& & ,/)&&(, /& 2& /!&(,"#(',,& /!
2&E!&&'& (*,&*+,& */&& 49 .B/# , 2&E! + & &'& ', &/#2& & +'#&(*,&*+, & */&&(,* &"/& >B " * (&,/)&*2!+&*(,"#,&'& *& "2 ")& ,&'& *&"B&, & & 4@ ,(,&!2',!& )*+* ,&,/ 5<D6(21/(& ) && !+,/#(+, ,"#, (,&,& *' &//,/& '( & (&/"*&2)&/ /#) &//+,2,4:?
@4;;D ,(,"#(,,/)&2& &#&#)+, =*+4;<<=(,"*2"&*, 4D ,2(,&!2(,&, ** '& +21"/,!12&E!&#*,2&/E, ',*,&/"*&2B&, & & &/ &&/, - *&/***+,.(& */& ,/#( &++ &)(,&,/&& >&#"&*,',*,** , &/B&, *,2(,"*&2)& ,"-* 2&&) *,2,& *) /#2&1 // 4: ,+&*+,&")(,&!2+,*/+ ,56(,&!),2/&# *&/#+,"-* 2&,&/')1&1),&'( ,"#, &'!
+,)#&2*,2(B "&/ B&, (&,&21/&!2& -* 4C & !
!!(,&,/)&"-*&"*&2& "# ,&,/ (',!,/#* & "*&2-* ( ,,!,&& ,+(&#!)&*& , '(&(/&!,"-*"!) (&# )&/ *"!2& ,(,"*2&+2/#& &!2& /&"/-* 4A %)( &/ ,/#(&++ &)(,&&+ ,&*++*& *9:+,=*+4;<<=& &/ /&# /& '& & "# , !! *// + , &*B!&,#(& ("!&/2& &)&/&"/+* ,+(&,"#,&,/ ** ("B'&2& "#,&,/ (+2&E!*,+,+(, &!
2& "#,*/+,(,&,B+ *+,/&#/&("*&2 */ ("*2&2/ &!2& )-*),'(B&,&*+ &'!1 &'!+/&#/&("#,!!.//+, &*B!&,#(,."#7*!)'- * *&2&E&#+*,',(&,& &'!1 &'!+/&#/&("B&/#+&//',, 2&+, 7 + , 7( 2/# , !! .// + , &*B!&,# 4; , &!2 5&6 ', !& 72 +2 &*B)1&1),7!
(,&*B /& (, &*B &/ &2&"/ + -* , & "*2 *2 ,+&*2(,&+2&& !+74>4& & ',,&"E()&/ (,&,(,&// "),,&+7&* * &,+*22 !
72+ 56 )&*&/,&//"72 56 72+"/,&//"&//' * !)"/'$
*$ 2$+ $ 4- % % 2 .+$&$
$$% $ %& 2 2;%$$$ 4$ * +++ %&,
< % $ % & & ''
<? .B/#(*,7256'&** &"//# */&==**56(& (',&&/+,/#( &++ &)("*2)&/ (,&,,+,',*, '+ "1*/&**& !&"/,*,2( ,,&)"72 ')(,)&*&/& ',*,+2 & +,*,2,&" /#&*B <4 ,+( &/ , /)& */!56( )1&1)( , /&&"/**567!,/& &,&'// + ((,/)&*56,(,56&/ *&E7256,&")/&E << ,(&& !
+&&4<+,/#(, '()&/ ,&&+*2+,&'& (, +,*2&&2(7*,+, 72 ('& /# "#,,+(*& "& ,&, ,& 2#2&E+, 2 *2&&2*&,#&!,&, +&*B'&&//2& &//,!
')(),!)&*(+&#(+ +,
2 &2(*&"2!& &2& &2"! 2& , ** ()1&1),& *2& &2 "! "+ , &,# ** ( ,&( ,+2/&56 "256*&"*& ,& ,/ ** ,& 2& &2&** !/#2& <@
')(+#2+,/# & <A?D<?44( +, ,'"#, (** *& . 1C?;?14;;A(,#/&'+/&)&/&"/#,56 * 1,!(,( 2&# * /&'+//# * ,& */&2 8'35&#%!#&94:8"&+#4 <D &+2&,(,.+ 2,'( ,&2"!*2//#+)/(,B " 2 ',*,+(,&2 2 ',*+D?(???>1 &*,+,"+,', "#,2',, & + , @+'?3< 3'% 3#>3'3 87: &+#4 A;5&>!!" !593#! ""&,8348&'B <: ,2! +*&56& ,*B, &'& &2&& & &++2 *,2&*&/+,&" * ( ,( &// , ! &/*&56( + &#( &/ & 56 + 00 1 1/ *- ) *)* E&)!, :!4:!#";!368'7#!3"&'!% (
!"& :!4:!##!;+<5!
(
!"&