K K Talwar v. State Of Punjab
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(2) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.
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"20. The scheme of the Criminal Procedure Code is that an officer in charge of a Police Station has to commence investigation as provided in Section 156 or 157 of Criminal Procedure Code on the basis of entry of the First Information Report, on coming to know of the commission of a cognizable offence. On completion of investigation and on the basis of evidence collected he has to form opinion under Section 169 or 170 of Criminal Procedure Code, as the case may be, and forward his report to the concerned Magistrate under Section 173(2) of Criminal Procedure Code !" # $% % $% "%& # %'(), he is empowered to make further investigation, normally with the leave of the court , and where during further investigation he collects further evidence, oral or documentary, he is obliged to forward the same with one or more further reports; this is the import of sub3section (8) of Section 173 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
21. From the above discussion it follows that under the scheme of the provisions of Sections 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 169, 170 and 173 of Criminal Procedure Code only the earliest or the first information in regard to the commission of a cognizable offence satisfies the requirements of Section 154 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 %$% * & '() & +$ % * % # $*+$ % #,* % $ &## #,* On receipt of information about a cognizable offence or an incident giving rise to a cognizable offence or
offences and on entering the F.I.R. in the station house diary, the officer in charge of a Police Station has to investigate not merely the cognizable offence reported in the FIR but also other connected offences found to have been committed in the course of the same transaction or the same occurrence and file one or more reports as provided in Section 173 of the Criminal Procedure Code."
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8 09) (63 -!$3- *$ +!-6- 4/ '!0 $! E17. The consequences of scuttling the criminal process at a pre3trial stage can be grave and irreparable. Quashing proceedings at preliminary stages will result in finality without the parties having had an opportunity to adduce evidence and the consequence then is that the proper forum i.e., the trial Court is ousted from weighing the material evidence. If this is allowed, the accused may be given an un3merited advantage in the criminal process. Also because of the legal presumption, when the cheque and the signature are not disputed by the appellant, the balance of convenience at this stage is in favour of the complainant/prosecution, as the accused will have due opportunity to adduce defence evidence during the trial, to rebut the presumption."
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