National Highway Authority Of India And ANR v. State Of Punjab And Others
! "# $ %&'
(
"%&%)&* $ %&'
'
+ , - -- .
+ , -
., ! "#$ %&'(%()* +,(-' % %( ((* +,( .' %/(()* ) *0("-' %%1( ()(* *0("( %%( !'* *0(" % ((/('((* +,( . 2 % '('3'/1(* +,( . 4 % (#(() (* ) ), (). (-' %'(0 (* &)* . 5 %( *0,,* *&' %(0'&'( '(#* # ,(#*%6* +. (* 3 '(*&70("89,/9 ,(#7+8 0(" %1%()* ) *(#((-' % (("'%(!* *(#(( %&'('(* *(#((( %3'() 3(%(,'( (* +,( ::::
-- .
/ '!''(- *' *
'(+ (# .'/(1!(-./( (/ ,9 ;( <*(")( +!(-'!( ' (!. (-( 7=948*'! '('#-( ( < ( ()).()(1 '- .' ( (-( "! ,)( "+ ( 9 > ' ). 7 (8 ",/ /!( ' ( . /(1!'( .,*,/ ' /( "#'& +/";5*<?<<* -'. (1'((-( /. ',('(+()( #" ( ( '(///-( @ ,/ )' , !-' ,' !,( %+*-'()"( ('"(*"#')( ,) . ' * '( , )(# , !* '(+ " (- (!(' ),!..,A..,(),, *'"#'- ).)(!( ""! '..,,, /(1!( ( (-( *('",/()())+( 2
'((/(#*,'&'( '!'( /( >;?B<?<>*)+( ((!( '78-'.*",/=(, '(.*'( , ''))..,.!( ( )(#*' (.'('#78,, * (-( ( (,* (,, (, -' )(-* , . ' (,@ )( '.*.+,/!'( )(#-',')/()#)* ')( ),, *",/! + .'"..' ,/ ( (/ )()# - ), ./ ()) ,,
!
" #
$
"
#
!
! %
&
"' # !
()
&
"' # !
$
&
! * +
' ,
- )
()
$
!
-
&
$
. +
( /
$
$
0
0 ! '
%
!
&
&
1
!
) !
! !
2 4 '( '(+" +# '&'!' ' ..,/ ('#*(,, ,>7(8.' (()!'-(#,*;C457'(..',()) (D,. ;C45D8* +-'.(=(, '(.* .D,/ ('#D"(# ('# ('E "#'&() +/*"#.,('..,() (E* ./' .,.',/ ('#*.,'(((/(#" ,.
(
'.,('!'*/'.*..,',( ,+)#.' (.(#((( ' (.0("* ",/ . *"#'&() +/"'D&/ '#D* '.')+((# *(/ 'F,. ;C45G
1 $
"
# 3
3 !
& !
, 4
!
!
!
5 "# 1111 5 ')*,''(. ")/*#"' (()!'-(#'#. (7'(..',()) ( 'DD8*(/,'(*("#/()-(@(/(1!.= (-( '"#'( ..,*'"# ()) )(#"! ,( /(78" "/78.,/ (* +9(9+')( ),, '.*"/ (+ ( (./'("+*' )(''' ).(, "#' * )(! = . ' (,@ )( ",/! )+ *" )(!',(.(+(") /,'(/* (' . (/)! " (,+(! ' .., ,, *-'((! '.,.D,/ ('#D* '!'( .,(78"! "#' +/. ( H ())#' ..,)-','"'($ '-','!(! ) 0,.(()
0
/ (,' (.0("(',+!( @(,9 (./' ((!,*'(/! '#,() .'(,@ )( ' / )+#. '#,() .' (,@ )( "../()),/"(,*'*(())# .(,)('@,1( ( =,. ) 0,.(() / (,'''( *( #( )'.) )+#. '#,() .'(,@ )( "#' ((!,*'* (())#/ '=,. 0,.(()/ (, B ',)( (!.'*'('!')!' *'( ,/ (",/! /. ,> .' F,.;C45G*#'"!/ / )+#.,/"(, . '"# ( D
! ",/!=, 9'( ' +/.0(" ( ',,!(,+(*")!!' . ), ((,*"#' ((!,',,(*.! /+(). (./'(,@ )( *#'( ,+( ",/!"(,' *'"#)()#'@,1,/"(,. .'(,@ )( *'..(,)(!'= =,.' ) 0,.(()/ (,*('",/ .()) C '.*((1 .*( 12&$21)! /( ' , ().),.' (.0("*'(*(( -' ),((, (1 .*"#'. )+#*. ,/"(, . * ./ ' )( 9) ,, * ,())# -' '* ,/ ( / . )+( + ",/ / * '"# /(1 ' / ,/ )(,'
3
;? ' *0("'())(),+ ./' ), ..,(),, *( ,('# )(#' +#!. '( (1 .((,'* (-,'(,( / . (,, (, -' )(-* (!( ' ),! ), ..,(),, '("+-) "( /-'' + . ,> .'F,.;C45G* +-'.(=(, '(. !" #
"6# 7
& ! "8#
90
!
! !
9
"6# 9
!
& !
!
!
!
!
1
"8#
!
!
"6#
!
"
#
!
&!!
(5 "#
"
#
&
0
&!!
&
!
!
:
;;
'((/(#*',/ ('#*)1- '-! / ( ()(,# ,/ )#! -' ' /( ( 7 (8* " ( ( '( ' ,/ ('#* -' ( ' ,( (..,*'( * (.,( "# ' +/ . (* ( ( (',* ' ,# . ( )+#.,/"(,. '*'"# 0, .(()/ (,",/.()) ;< '.* ( 12&$21)!
/( ' D,/ ('#D-'()(,#',/ )#-''(#/( (* ' ')+((# +7 (8*(/,'(*' ,/ ('#'())'@,/ )(,"!/( "# ' * '()) .' ,/ )(, @( -' ( -1 '(.* ( , -! "! + ' )( 9) ,, ( A(#' '.*'"#(1! '("+ -'5? (#.+,., ;> %+*,('("+,/(9,/ ) -' (' ( ' (, . ' , ,, * ' ( 12&$21)! * ',/ ('#-'(-1 '(.*1 ),((,*(/ ",7<8.
,> .'F,.;C45G,('"(,'.'( @(/( "#',/ ('#*'&// '&)),,, *'"# '*/+' &'. ,(# ' +/,, *'(*')(' (-( ((,(,, (,-')(-*(!(' ),! ..,A..,(),, ;2 ''(()( # (/.;>???, ' (.0("-!,,.+( 0,-+*
' 0,,, 7(/)#)'93(( = -(#* '((9 (!(3'((!'-(#* '((9 (' (!'-(#8(' /( 9=, * -! 9 )+# . . ' (,@ )( ' '.* , . ' ) 0,*)-'.'())" ) -'(-1"#',). ' * ' ,, * ' ' ' &'.
,(#' +/.0("*'())-'(-1./ ,+!'( )/ '"# $4" *5 ',/ ('#* (- (,/. ,> .'F,.;C45G*( *"@)# '&'. ,(# ' +/,, * '())'(.* '( -' ( . - /' '(.* (' ,/"(,. .') 0,* )+ ' *'.(")!= )#,/ )' ) 0, .(()/ (, ;4 ' )( ,) . ' '( () 0, ". ' &* '( ="( / . ,/ ( (/* ",/ / "#'&/ '#* ,>7!8748 .'F,.;C45G*"#'"(' (.0("'!'
* '( 0,/(#('(!*"-)) + ,*"#.'("/( *'"#' (,,./(1! ="(( =,+/ .,/ (*"#' D,/ ('#D*-''' (.(#((' (.
'((/(#*'(#/ #.("(( ,/ )( , >7!8748 . ' F, . ;C45G + -'.",/=(, '(.*', / *.' &*,// " () "#' ()(/
6
$
%&
"6# 7
$
!
! !
"8# 7
!
$
!
)!
!
$ !
!
! "6#
"9# ; ! !
"6# "8#
!
!
!
$ "#
$
"8# 9& !
!
'()* + +%
+ % ') % ') %& ,
&&, & % ,%+ +% % % +% &$-
".# )
&
6<<. "8. 6<<.#
"=# % !
! ! "6#
"*#
!
-
111111111111112 ;H '(./(1!'("+,,)*/./ '.(,/*'('!''(# +.("(7 (8( ,( )( 'F,.;C45G*''"#+'( ),( . '"(( &,)(,*;CC57'(..' ,()) ( ' F, . ;CC5G8* )+( + -'. ",/ =(, '(. 9
>"6# ' &
!
!
"8#
"9# "8#
!
& > "
# !
-
?
:> "#
! "#
!
)
! 5 "# !
-
!
5 " #
!
!
!
!
!
@ (
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
5
"
# !
!
!
( !
!
( 5 "# &
> "# ) !
!
! "#
111111111111 ;B -+*(,+( !.'( +*+() '(*(=/)#)/ ! .,'())!'(-( *(*/( "# ' ,/ ('#* ' (! ' "( ,, %+* ' , !* -' /(# " / "@'/(1!.'(-( "#'"(*(' + -'()/ 0 ,*( '(-( *"#' ,. -' ' 0 , / .# ' (-( * ( /( +)# "# ' ,/ ('# ' +/ . )/ 0 , (' "' ' "( ( "@)# ' , !*''"# )!')/.
,/ (+9 I9+')( 9),, *'"#,(!(=(,"( (!# "' ' )( 9) ,, * ( ' (,@! ('# ,, ;C ( * ' "(/ . (# ("( , !78*.'",/!+() )# "#("(* ('. (+() )# (-("((!/*-'* ,,(("(,)(-+*#'!'((#.
603D*"( ('('("+,,! +*,/ ))# ' . ' )!() ,#* . ' / (+)# "! ( "( (!/* "- ' )( 9) ( ' (,@! ('#*( *',,!(("(,)(*-'"#() '( 9@(9",/!(,,/ )' *''("( /,'(/*(,/ )( 'F,.;CC5G*,(",/-)) .(,)( <? %+* ' D") / &* ( + , ,() (D() 0
+ -!
8B86 "<# && 6*'(') '( . " + / 0122 0, 3 +4
" + - "
+ +% 1 % + & + "
+ +% #
+5 + <; '.*', (.( +)(!' ("(7 (8'F,.;C45G* /(.(,*( (" ("(#( (,'(',()' , )*' )!' !* * ( +() ("( "# ' ("( ,, '.*'( +7 ,> 748.'D,.;C45D8* ,// " () "#' ()(/ << %+* ' ,# . ! -' ' ( +*/./'.(,/'(' +. ,<C728 . ' F, . ;CC5G* -',' ( ( ),(")* +9I9+* ("( , !*/(1 (1!'('/( (.'("(*-) /(*.'(-( /( -'( .;</'*./ ' (.,/ ). )( !* ",728. ,<> -''= .=/'*-'',. (
).'=!( "#'& (,,*'("+ +* )/()#)( ' .( )!(*'' ("+,',()#*.'"#!'('(-( " ,)( )) ( + )()#* ' .. /(# " ' ' )( 9) ,, '(,@!('#,, '("+(! ' )-) ",/," ,((( 7 (8*' + 7 (8 ,,! ' F, . ;C45G () "# ' ()(/ <> -/(1!(,/ ((+ #.' +)(! ' /(78.'(, ,/ (* ,+)# '!'(&/ (( ( (,#( ,@* '(")(( )/,*<?;>7'(..'. ('D,.<?;>D8*( * 'D,.
;C45D*'"#''(. .," (/()' + )#/! <2 ' +. ,5C,,!'F,.<?;>G* +-'.(=(, '(.*'' ((/ -',' ' ('# @ " +! -') /!
"
+ %
C"6#
! ! !
$ '
'
! !
-
&
!
8.
9B
& A "8#
!
-
!
! !
-
!!
(
!
!
66
&
-
D1
> !
$
) &
1 "9#
!
-
!
!
! <4 ( !.'( ++()*'('#( /.' +)(!(/.,/ (*(( ,( ' () ( ,@,*;BC2'.* ( ',"!/( '( (# ((/*'"#' (! ('#* '"#* ' ( +# //() , ( ")#.="(=,+/.,/ (",/! / '/* () ( ( '( ' ( (# ((/* "' /(.0*.(( ((") ,/ (')( ),, *"../(#+,. =,+="(/.,/ (*"! / @( '/*+9(9+*'(,@ )( <5 ' ' '( ' + )(! ' /(.,/ ( 'F,.;C45G(,(
,> .'D,.;C45D* +-'.'(+"=(, ("+* ,/ )( /'-'*',((!)(# /,'(/ (' . /( . .(* 0 ( ((") ,/ ("#',/ ('#*+9(9+*')( )
0
,, )()#/,', )..="(( =,+ /.,/ (",/! / <H -+* ' ("+(,("/ ,( ( .' +/. (*.#!',( .., ' ( . 0(" ' ( . (#((* ( D,/ ('D('' +/. (( ..,* ,( *'.,('D,/ ('#D*('./(1! /(78..(( 0,/ (*""(!/ ' ! )*(,( ' () F,.;BC2G" ' = )(.)(- ,-'.*(,( + ,, "#'&.(-'( ','7 (8/(# .)# '""!.' , (,,.="(/. ,/ ( ",/!
/ " -) ,() ' ,,/( (!#* (! ./ !* ) (' . ( )!( ( /* ' /(78 . 0* .( ( (("),/ ((/+9(9+')( 9),, @('(,@!('# <B '/*'/ #.("(*(+(!
,> 748( 758.'D,.;C45D*+9I9+*'/ # +(! ,52 .'F,.<?;>G* +-'. ",/=(, '(.*,9@()'/ #+(! ,52.'D,.<?;>D $
%& "*# !
! !
"6# "8#
!
!
& !
3
".# )
&
6<<. "8. 6<<.#
' -/ 010)
6 1 C"6#
!
& $
!
& !
!
) !
!
! !
!
'
'
! &
! !
!
@ (
&
!
!
-
@ (
&
!
-
!
!
$
& !
-
"8# %
)
-@ (
!
> "
# !
-
&
! !
1 - !
& E
"#
1 - !
& 86 1 ! !
& E
1@ (
& !
1
<C ( ('(( )#.(7 (8*())( + / # . ("( ," ' F, . ;C45G* ' ,+)# ' )( 9) ,, * ( * ' (!!+ (,@!('#,, >? '''( *'/ #.'(, ,/ ( (,/ )( ,52*5C*H?7<8.'F,.<?;>G* ()!/*-'' +. ,;B.' () F,.
;BC2G* (/,' (* ' 0 , /(1 '(,/ . ,/ (*',. ( 0 ,()" #A&.(-* /( "#1)) ( ( 0 ,()/ *-'"0,+)#*)1 '("(*('/(1.(((")( 0 /(. ,/ ('.**'/ #.("(,/ )( 'F,.;C45G*((/(.,'(!!+ *./' (-( /( "#',/ ('#** /(.(,*((") ( +(")/ #*'''(!!+ )( 9)' (!!+ (,@! ('# ,, '.* * ' ( +@ " () *( @ " )(, -' +78()1'(,( 'F,.<?;>G*()(' '(,/ . ,/ ( '-* '* . , '"!/( (' ,+)#"#')( ),, ( "#'(,@!('# >;
'((/(#*,"''(7 (8)( (,@78.)( *"#,( , +*( 1 7 (8*(,( "'')+((,/ ,')( 9 ),, *( '(,@!('#,, *((,)("#
'/)+'.* ,.'(/,)(,)(*' (,/)(!(,@78.)( ('(",(#! ()1 +'''( *,()#'F,.;C45G*' 0("(# +()1''F,.<?;>F( ,( '* '( ,())(!(/)(,)( ( A)(!*(,@78.)( ><
!.,()# ()1 "+(78 ( () /( ( 0 !/ "# ' D") = & ,( ) ( 28 1
!)9"2*-'*''(.= )(.)(-( /( "#'G") =& *9
!
$
%
-
! 9
F $ %
! ! F $
!
& !
!
!
9
6<<. * %
!
!
1
$
!
6
** % -
)
,
!
!
&
$
!
!
)
$ F $
!
!
!
!
(
F $ & !
G %
!
*= $-
71+1,22
%
&&4+% ," 4
4
% -
! + !!
"6<<<# 8 && .9* "
8B#
& ) !
) !
)
$ 69. &
>> '( () 1(0 !//( "#'G") =&,() (D7 4 * -8 99
& 0,'2 )/(/ ')+( ((!( '-'.*=(, '(.
$ !!
$ $
$ 1
! !
$
!
!
6
>2 -+*,'( 0 !/78',, (1!*' ,)(!' +)(!("(*"! )(+*#'"+(7 (8(@ ""/ "#' ()(/* , !'(.*- / '/(1(")()!/-''9("(# +( ,( 'F,.<?;>G*'((!'("(#( ,( , +7 (8(",/,( 'F,.;C45G 4&2:
"$ "
%7 5;4!
%)"5 >4 ' - . -' ' '(. ,78$ 78 12&$21)!/( ', (). ),.' (.0("*'(*(( -' ), ((, (1 .*"#'. )+#*.,/"(, . *./')( 9),, * ,())#-' '* ,/ ( / . ' )+( + 7 (8 ",/ / * '"# /(1 ' / ,/ )(, ' 78 ' *0("'())(),+ ./' ), ..,() ,, * ( ,( ' # )(# ' +#!.'( (1 .((,'* (-,' (,( / .(,, (,-')(-*(!(' ),! ),..
,(),, 78 '*( /( (/ /( 'D,/ ('#D-'()(,#',/ )#-''(#/( (* ' ')+((# +7 (8*(/,'(*' ,/ ('#'())'@,/ )(,"!/( "# ' * '()) .
'(.* ( , -! "! + ' )( 9) ,, ( A(#' '.*'(1! '("+ -'5? (#.+,., 7+8 %+* ,( ' ("+ , /( 9 ,/ ) -'('('(,.',,, *' (/( (/ * ',/ ('#-'(-1 '(.*1' ),((,*(/ ",7<8.
,> .'F,.;C45G,('"(,'.'( @(/( "#',/ ('#*'&// '&)),,, *'"# '*/+' &'. ,(# ' +/,, *'(*')(' (-( ((,(,, (,-')(-*(!(' ),! ..,A..,(),, 7+8 ,.',/ ) A ! 0,*) -'.'())" ) -'(-1"#',).'* ' ,, * ' ' &'. ,(# ' +/.0("*'())-'(-1./,+!'( )* '"# , ',/ ('#* (-(,/.' (# +7 (8*( *"@)#'&'. ,(# ' +/,, *'())'(.
*'(-'( .-/''(.*(',/"(,. .' ) 0,* )+ '*'.(")! = )#,/ )' ) 0,.(()/ (, 7+8 '/*'' ()(//(# - //(1(")()!/-''9("(# +( ,( 'F,.<?;>G*'((!'("(#( ,( , +7 (8*(",/,( 'F,.
7+8 ''())'(').( ( (-( ( +# '&'. ,(' +/.
(#((( +/.0(".'( +#!( /( *(")(," (-*(,, (,-')(-*(!(' (..,A..,(),, %+*"@)#')(-.) (-( *(,, (,-')(-*" "= )#/( "# 'D,/ ('D%+*,( ,.'( ( ( (-( *.'(-( , *' *(.' (-( ,.')( ,+ -''(( ( (-( " "= )#/( -'/'"#' ,/ ('# 7+8 "@)#* ' (-( ,/ ( " .'-' "#'( '(.'&)),,, '()),/"(,. )+#. ' -'/''(.""(!/ ())'("+/( /( (/ >5
,'/(,().'(" , *'*())' !( ),(78*.(#*()( 78 .
-- .
., 1(+!' ; 5; "
!9 284&<=" 2!%& $ '
!=% ; 5; "
" 9%"52>:
'
!=%