Union Of India & Others v. Malook Chand & Another
!"
$!%&'()* +"
!,$-(.--/%$)+0&)!!%+-%1+ 2-3-&
& 4&(& 0$1-$,3$-
&5,&
!"#$%&!"'(#&%% )"#*+!
!"#$%&!&% )"#*+!
,,,,
&'
0& ,-$.+,%$+ !-5&
66666 &% )"
! ,$ -$& $&&$, - , ,$, *
89( :
; ,, <) - $ ,=&$ <($+ -$,.$-%-8!&->?;+2-<)
@
7A7@"
,$&>0$1-$,4&(&- !,$3-&?+-$&< $2,
-5!$%!-=$$,.!.!- .$ 55%$$-&$%!&5,
:0$1-$,-$,<-$ "A
+-52$&$55,$& C2&1 8C;
AA-2$&5=,$& 55&18 ;$, -9%-$!5=&2$& !!%/(5,$,:+ !!% /(5, $,:+ ,=&$ !!% $,:+ ,=&$ !!% $,: $, -$! / ,=&$
!!% %%,.-$=&=$,- .$55%$+- $!=, 5=& 2 ., <) - &$() (&+ + 0&)!!%(5DE8 !!%/(5,$,$, !!% /(5,$,; %(= (&+ A##$,-&)-$, <&(<F%$,F(,%$<)$(&%-&!-<($$$& &$.!=-5&! !!%/(5,$,
&.!%$F(,.=,$,
A72$&,,<)- $,=&$<($0$,$&%-4 $$%-$,$4&(&
!,$+!,<) !!%/(5,$,5=,$,-% <$&& * B 5&& ! !!%/(5, $, -$, !$ $%$ <2 A# A# - &$= =$, (!, ,( 2$ !
%(= (& 2+5$=$ ===8!&- ?; 2$& -, A# /%& 2 =$, - $!=, 5%,.&2%-$.,-$-$<$,.-(-5=& -$-2$&.$,&)+2-$&- 5%,.&&-(, -$<-,-<$&&!,$==.$,/) - 2 52$&$2,2-G($&-.- 5%,.&2-$ ,%-$55 <-,!* B$%$%&2-(%-$..- .$,$!-%==$$,)=$, A# 5%,.& -$!+ $- 2$&-, A7 +2-%-2$&$&G($&-,$,-=$2- .$,!.(5-$%$%&%(,
2$&%$&!-$55%$:&5,+0$1-$,+-$- -$, $ 5!,
*:
:"
-5=&+-$ %$ 5&&-,5$=(&,<.!!%$.5=$,- .($<$&&+-)%$=,&) <)%(.&%,, !!%$.%$5$%)-$!=, .$55%$2$&,&5&,
- !,,,$,
*89(:
@ ;+2-,%&2 &&(,-&5,&+-+%&,$55%$:&5,0$1 -$,$, $/.-!5=-5&!/,=&$ !!%(,-$(&$,!!(,!$,&($<+<. <!!5=2-!!%!=-,$&-==,$F(&-$, <.5= -$!=,,2$&$&&$,-&( <)!.
** !"
*,$&> !,$3 -& 4&(& $ ,=&$ <($ 3 -&?+ 2-%- 2$& ,&=&&,<)-&(,,,$,"
*89(:";
&$ &(-!+
B89(:*;$,"#
B89(:B;+ -!!%!%$$8 &;+0$)./%& .::-!E&$%-+=)$,G($&+2-%&,,- %$&!0$1-$,$.2- $/.-!-5(5&!5= -.$,!,=&$ !!%$,:!=-.$,! !!% /(5,$,$,%,-$$&5%==,$&!-
2 +-2$&%-$.-&)5& &&%+ $ /.-2$&5$%,$/
2-$&0$1-$,$ *B - $!=, ,&+ 9(& :* $, :B+ 2 %-$.,<) $/.-<!-<($2-- .$55%$ 2$&,&=&&,
..,<)-,,$,
#+- &$,,2$&$&&$,-&(<)!. ":
! "
7 $, -& %- ! -& ( ,,,$,
89(: ;$2,-25<)G($&-.-, ,$,
#5$&&,<)-<($$&2$&,,$,
89(:
;2-!(-,%-!!%$&5,&55$ $!&-&)&-5%5-$-&)!-!!%&-
. .$,! !!%/(5,$,:&-$<$!!%,$&.$&-) $$,-<%-=$1!D,E 2$&9%,,-$$!-%5!-,!- .-(+-$55%$&(<=,(=<!5&$&+!, - .$55%$$,$&.$%+2-%-2$%%,, +%&&$.-=! .$55%$ A*@ @"
- +,,,$,A
*89(:;+,&5&,!- .$ 55%$2-$,%-!!%$&5,&$1,%& - .$ % %=5$% ! - $!=, ,%&+ , =5(.,,,$,
B89(:
;+-!!%$&5,& F%,-%$&!-$55%$..%$(&!$%-=!- .$55%$+G(& 0& ,-$.+$, %(&5&. -5:
!,$&(<=,-$%=5$%!-,%&&&(,<)- 0$,$&%--,,$,
A7+-5&&&(,$,$ &)&"A
A77$,#
2 !
"
A7B 0$1-$, 2$& 5=, $& ,=&$ !!% $,: $,-% <$&& $, -$!-5=2$&.($&,2 !
A7B #
A7#+ $55%$:&5,2$&$&5=,$&,=&$ !!%$,: $,-$!
$& !!%/(5,$,:8$); 2-!!%!=-,$!.$5$&&(,*
A7* .
,&&$&!, 2- - $!=, ,+ &5,
:$55%$ 5!,
"B@ @"
+2-%-2$&,&5&,!<)-, ,,$,
2-$,%-$(-&%&,- 5&$!0$1-$,$55%$:&5,
C$,%(&!5:
!,$!(-&(<=,
-$-,&,$,
B89(:*;$,"#
B89(:
B;2)%-$.,<) $/.-<!-+2-%-2$&,&=&&, #
#+-(.- $/.-2$&&(%%&&!(<!-&(- +<(-&$=<!%$<.$,0$1-$,: &5,
-& & - 5= $& . - , ,$,
B2-F%.-5&$+2-%-2$&$&&$,- .$55%$<!-
0& ,-$.+$,%(&!5:
!,$ $& &(<=, -$ --$& !$, $55%$-!$% -$ - .$55%$2$&<$,<)=$$&-%$=!-$55%$: &5,-$,$)<F%,
B$&-&$,,2$& (5-, <) - - $55%$:&5, 2$& $ 5$) - $!=,25 -1,-!$%-$$55%$:
&5,%$<$2,$55$%--($.$$,$.$!- &$=%$(&!$%+$&-$!=, .$55%$2$&-<)
$,(.,-&(&:$&,-=5(.,,
-$ -$, - $, %(& ! - 5&+ $55$&,-5$5<1+=5(.,,$,$!-2-$-& =$,!%-&(<=&&&!0& ,-$.
(5+-!,.&%,,<)-$<$&, (5 - $55%$ ! - =$+ $1. - , ,$, B
,, ":!"
7%&,$
-5$5$!-&$=$,&-(&':
>
!
"
# $ ! %&
%
% ' ( ) * '
%
+ ,-*.
+ , -/% *.-01 . -(
'. '
, %
%
+ )$+
( +
% + + 2 " 1 % ' + & '
% + ' % $
+ +
% 3 2!-,%&.<)--,&,$,
$,
*+-$(-&5$&&,2,&+ +
89(:*;$,"#
B89(:B;-,.-$-2$& %-$.-&)5& -$!=,,&$$=& ,%$.(,& -&$1!<)+-5$5$!-&$= $,&-(&':
>(
"
'!
45 !
+ + %
+ %
) )'!
"# )6 , 5 ! + +( ) * $+
( * 0 5.7
2$8#
98: 458$(8;"80 :
<
$
& %
1
)6 +:
)+) '
! ' ( )
* ' '+
%
! + %:45 %% ' * $+
( * =
0CH$$ /$55%$& /$/.- *# :,:
#7 $C$H$&-)$5
:,:
#A $FH$=$ B"
:,:
7"
(%-$$$&&H$($ :,:
7B
$/.-855%$;
:,:
/$F $2$ /$55%$&
0$1 -$, 855%$;
*B H$($/-(1$$& /$55%$&
0$= $F
=$ F( $55%$&
=/$.$
B# :,:
-$$$&$& /$55%$&
"# HH() :,:
"A
/(<$=$$ :,:
** 0$-$,$ :,:
*B
/-(=$-$,$ :,:
B"
(,$& $=/,-( #* :,:
!
% * $( ' 9>;#% + % $1$ ;
)'! $1$
/
,5 !($ !
& % !+ + %:45 ' $+
( * ?.
;@ " 45 ! %
+ %
; ) )'!
)6 , 5 ! + +$+
( * $+
( *0 5. 7
2$8#
98: 458$( 8;80 :
<
+ +$+
( *
$+
( *'-) . : + : % ' ' +
%+
) +
!
% * $( ' ;$';% + % $1$ ;
)'! $1$
,5 !($
,!
% % ' $+
( * '%:45
) )'! "# )6 ,5 ! % ' $+
( *
+ )$+
( % + % + * ) $+
( &
' '+
!
%+ +( ) * $( +$( $( %:45 0 5. 7
278#"
98: 458$( 8)A6580 45
@
# 278#"
;8:
458$( 8)A6580 45
@
# %
"!
,'
#!
7% ,' ?. 5
0 $+
5 '
7
;@
"($2<
< "8
++ 3 (
=
9; 4
* !8@ 45!
6
%0') 0' 5.7 $+%? & 4?B(24
78#"
;8: 458$(8;"8)A6580 45 @
# C -$.
:0/)04 5(2)(C4$04 $20C ( ?0 *:$40 (@ $462):$/0(@@50:*:$40 (2$55(D2(@ :0/0E45$*$2)/$5$250)@(:?0F0$:
;"
2?060)
: ?B
2$8#
98:458$(
8;"80 :
6 %
'
' +
' $( '
;"
$45 '+ ' $+(* + ' ( ) * 60) "
; ) )' 60) "
<"9<) , 5 + ?.5 $+
5 '
7 >'+
"@
"($2<
< "8
9@
#$ ++
: 45 ' % + 2$8#
98: 458$( 8;"80 :
6 %
=
!60) "
;
#
$ 2 + ) )' )5!
)) C )2
!
+)+ ) ,
)
)2 !
!60) "
<"9<
#"
$ )2 "# + 6 ,5 )5!
5 4 )
2 ""! + )667 )2 "<! " + )C
$G7 4)0!
)0 4 !80 45 0' 5 5% = 6 %4 $
!
C -".-5.A-@.
$0 70 56)5/!5)5505((:4 0 E5 5:(.(!B6*7:8$4*0?B4*7:84 3
,&5(,)+-,!-&(-%$&! $/.- -$&$$,)<=5=, !$%+-<!2-%--$55%$:
&5,-$,&(.-5(&($%-F(,.=,, $/.-E& %$&8/(5$;2$&-5=&-$0$= $F-$,$&<5=, AA",&5-!$%-$-2$&F(-= 2$&+-(&+%$=,-$ $55%$:&5,2$&$&.<,!((5=$ $& != - ,$ 2- 0$= $F 2$& 5=, -& !$% 2$& %,<)-!!%$&5,&-%$&! $/.-+2-. -<!-)$"
"+2-$&-)-$,%-&&&-%$=! -$55%$:&5, !$%+-5&2G(,%&, -%$&!-$55%$:&5,$5$2--%$&! $/.-
(-+-,&,$,
B$,"#
B25$&&, - %$& ! $ /.- $& 2 $& 0$1 -$, F) &(%- %%(=&$%&+-$&.$&&.,<)-5&-=5(., ,,$,
B89(:
;-$-$55%$:&5,-$, %-$.,-$!=,,&-$&.-)<5,<)-
-<F%$1<)-5&&.$)(&(&$$< -,!
-&(,5$&&. !$,!$(!-$55%$: &5,+2-<)-5&-$<,%,2-%$&! - $55%$:&5, <) $1. %&,$ - , ,$,
89(: ;,,<)-&( ": ! "
- $55%$:&5, 2$& -, , %&G($<!$)$&$2,-%$&! $/.-$,- $%($ $$& -$< &%, -5, %==%. != =-& 5%,. - !. ! 5(& .$ 55%$ A*@ @"
"<)-$55%$
-&!%-&(<=&&!-$,%(&! -5&-$-%$=!-$55%$:&5,2$&&$@<$,<) $2!=$ !$%+-5&2G(,=5=- ,!-.-($,&5%&,.-!$%-$-, ,$,
B5$.<-0$1-$,$, $/.--$,< &:$&,
-$&&$!=,+2,!,$).$) $, 5&) -=5(., , ,, <)- -2 5+2-(5-,.-=5(.,,+&,&=&&,
8"'(#&%% 1 2&% 1 "#*+!
"#*+!
"34-) 56 8 8 79 5: ;<
= '
7<
8 8 5>
'
7<