Union Of India And ORS v. Maheshinder Singh Dhindsa And Others





   
 
 

  !"##$%&%'() 



'%'
'*%! +&










!,#&,%'*#+-%'.,,%'*&! +&







 ()  /0  -
--
  /0  -
-  1-   
     
 !

"  

#

$

%&    


"##&  ' 
(
))) -  1-2    * #  #  %  '   #      +,
+-
-+(,  ./0       #  "   &1

.

 #21#1

0%# #3' 

           (  # #%  '#  $#  .

''      "'0  #    %    #  

'  -+
+4
-+(/.50#

 .&&0(+
+-
-+(6.(0%# -(
+-
-+(6.(7(0%#  ##"#*

 8 9   3    -5
+-
-+(6  .-0  &  %##  &   

.

'' &' 0%  #   #

    "   "

 ":8 #&    ' #

     #&   #

"

 .&&0 

%'# ;"# *

< '' #  

#''  # '#  # # &' 

 #  &&3

 ."

 0
1#     8    #       #     
( # #'#$# .

'30%  #'# # & 
-((  #  &8 =    

     #           &&

 ."

 0#(>>+(>>-
& 
-(( .

''     &  '0  %       

  

  .&&0    #        &  &     (6
(+
-++-  .60  %#  #     
(  .

''     "'0  %       #       &     (5
+4
-++4  .,0
 

?

  *   7       &  

"

 .&&0

# @
# '# @ %   ( #%&%# '#  '  %   #

    $    A       $&     B'

#   #   "  
" ?

 
(# #%'#$#  3'

 
+/+7+++-,7-+(= #1


 # 3# %' %    #1

+>
(+
-+(4

  C
"        
D
D
$   "  "#'# B    #D# ' $"   #  

  "  #   #  #  %#  8#%   #


A

#

 # @ %#'&& % %# #8

#'
  #  
(.

30%## 

 *   ''#  ?

 ' '  # %


(=
(+
-++-# &%$   " 
1#*   '  E  #       &  

'      -+
+4
-+(/.50''#  %# &'  %#  ' #  @ ->
+=
-+(/.(+0
1#   %'    %       #    1

   -6
+>
-+(/ C
"   
-4#  #  

    #

#  ' ''

'  

%(=
(+
-++-   ((
+4
-++4
   # ' #

 

#

   # #    $31 ''
*   #    3  %        &     -5
+(
-+(6.((0#'##* 7 %  #  "#

  B'   @  #'#  
(
1#      
 -    ((  %#  %  @      
 (    #        

  "

.&&0#&   #   "  

 F":8 #   &-5
+-
-+(6. -0%### ' 3
+/+7++-4=7D7-+(6%# #  * #  #'  #' #



;"#

<#  


1#  1

     #          &   

'+,
+-
-+(,./0###  # #  '# ;"#

<%'

#

  &  #   #   &
A#% 
 C  #* 7 # '

  #      ;"#

<    

    &%  

,4#"    .-++(0%# #

 "#

  %  '
   # 

#      #  #    1

 %'

# '    AG

#   ;!.+!4!'*",#+&5& '%'
'*%!!'*",#+&2

  -   #@ ' % 8 #-++-

%# 
-((%  #  

 

%'# & 
 #   

#   
-((#      "  % #    '

'

   $31     
C #  

##A2

#   ;!+'!%6-%'.,!'*",#+&5&0!$,,7%!+!%'89"!!'*",#+&2

  -:<# ### !.+!4;& $!&# '  #   #      ?

    #%'

B%    #  "    1   %  #           %# G   '     #   #  '    1

    #

    &% 
'@G  .

0 ' %
3#   
(

 .

30

 ##1

# '#  #@ '    #A2


'@G   .

0%##'%##  &     #8   #8    ;"#

<% 

 # #     #&   '#  

;"#* <
A# 

#

# '@    

''#     ''  '
H#&##  #  

 #


D  '

#%  

    #& '  #A2

#  
'@2 .

0 1#  

'            %##   (/.=0(/.=D0#&   %  (/.=0
1# #    (/.=0
1##'  # '    B% ?



   %##     #      &     & B ' #&

 #    554
1# 

'    "  1
 1#          #      ?

    '  4+I.?

& 0# 

 .?

&8 0#

   %3D"

#" 1 ### #  %##       %#

 

  #
!
 #%
H##'  4+I#    # '    B% ?



 &  &

   ?

  %# %###    ?

 

  (/%  
A%&#    #   # J8  &J
 # '#%#& #%# #8  # '   

B% ?

  &  &

  B' &   &
   &# 

' &   ' & 
1#   B & "71   
A%& # % #8 #  B # & ##     ?

   #%'  B%    #    ?

         #     

        554
   #& #

#  '     &#%#&  #  & &  8 &   

##'  4+I # 8 # & 


@ &%

##  & # "  .&&#  0(>>4#"   .:'#K   0-+++#"  .:'#   0-+++#"  .:'#K #  0 -++(
 3 K #   #   &#  
 -    ((  %       #       

  

 .&&0 ''##  # # # '#$# #    &&3

 ."

 0 %#  8'  #        &  
  *  

?



  
(# #'# ''# "'#

"

 .&&0%  

  ' 

         #    #  &  #%&%     &# & 
-((#  

"

.&&0  # "#*

%###   %' 
(
1#

 #"#*

   '&% #,4#"     

      &       

  &  #     ''   # &%   %'#  %!.+!4/&$!&#
0
1#A2

#       !.+!4/&  &89+!0  %#   

#'  #  ,4# "     # #  # & # #8   '    'J?

  JJ B% JJ&

J  B'

 &   &  
 @ ' 



#"  D# #A2

'#G  

#AG

# 

##  #  
'@2 .

0#8 #?

 ## #?

 #%'?

   # # "  ## 1  # &&   &  


 K  B    & &    

' #(6 #'#G @ '    #  ;(6
 1# %#'@.

0

#       #   "     #   1     8   

 #      

##      ' (/.=0(/.=D0        %#   G  %   5=(5=-
#!+#2",#+#+#2$6#!+6<",#9%'%'",!" ",%&9!+"",#48*.7#'"*#&'"'##*"=#+#>%&%"#*2!'* $'&#?8#'"6<2",#+#%&''##*"+##+!.!+!4 &89+! "!

&#>#')8*.##'$,#7!<!6&!**!"",%&48'$"8+#",!" !.!+!4  &89+!  %&  !  8'!'%78&  48*.7#'"    %>#  6#!+'#* 8*.#&",%&8+"@,%$,,!&,#6*&@!<&%'$#",#<#!+


888< L888  #  %'@.

0 @ ''

%##    &      #&

8  

&  'D# # " 

"#.$0 C
&
 1  3
.-++60 -""(. ' # /((+4(=-0
1# #      ' 

 #

    

#       %##  

#?

 

'      
,8&2@#7!<7!A#%"$6#!+",!"

?8!'"%%!=6#  *!"!  &,!66  =#  $66#$"#*  =<  ",#  -"!"#2  '  ",# 9!+!7#"#+&!&&"%986!"#*%'!.!+!4 &89+! '",#%'!*#?8!$< +#9+#&#'"!"%'2@,%$,$!'=#"#&"#*=<",#8+"&#7!< 8+",#+!**",!"",#*!"!@86*=#+#6!"!=6#"",#$'$#+'#* $!*+#< .:

#  

0 1# # '  #1

%   %##&    A2


1# '

 C
"  #
'@G @ '  #  &  & M& #  ' '#G   # @

 #* # #   

&  %#(/.=0 #"  '  ?

  #%'  # B%    #   ?

 #   " 71 # #   '     &  

   "# *

   ''"'  '#   &  #   %#  @  &  '    #&'

&#    &  
1# #1

# '#?

 ##     -((    "      "

    "  :8   '  '   %   # *3 

#;#

<  8'

# 

"

 .&&0    -((%   

  "

  .&&0    &'        &  & M& (%# #%    -((# =!&%$       &&  3

  ."

 0        8 =

&% # &   %  #     
'

. 0  #       #
 

--


-  1-    

#=+8!+< 2