Kulwinder Singh v. Indian Red Cross Society & ORS
!"##$%&%'() * +,-.%'/#01%'23 #"%"%'#0 5#0&,& '/%!' #/0&&1$%#"6!'/"3#0& #&7'/#'"&
0#&#'"(4 0,8!'/,7"!9/:$!"#0"3#7#"%"%'#0 0++3!8,09/:$!"#0"3#0#&7'/#'"& ;;;
#"%"%'#09.3.!&!77%'"#/!&!!0/6,'/#0"3#'/%!'
#/ 0&& 1$%#"6 !'/ �:%'2 !" "3# #4!//%$"%' #'"0#4$,<4
#3!=%-%"!"%'#'"0#9!'&!93!&%-#/"3#%'&"!'"7#"%"%'!&&!%-%'2"3# 0/#0/!"#/ 4 9.3#0#=63%&$-!%<00#2,-!0%?!"%'
%'�:%$#3!&=##'/#$-%'#/
!$"&"3#$!&#!0#%'!'!00.$<7!&& !"3#0"3# 7#"%"%'#0.!&!0#2,-!0-!&&45#<7-6##,'/#0"3#'/%!' #/0&& 1$%#"6#/%#/%'3!0'#&&'
0#&#'"7#"%"%'#0.!&!77%'"#/ '$<7!&&%'!"#=!&%&!&!!0/6%'"#0<&0/#0/!"#/)*
1#0:%$#& "3# 7#"%"%'#0 3!:%'2 '" =##' 0#2,-!0%?#/9 3# %-#/ @ @ )=#0#"3##'"0!-/<%'%&"0!"%:#0%=,'!-93!'/%2!03 #'$3!'/&,$3 .!&/%&7&#/'A A.%"3!/%0#$"%'""3# 0#&7'/#'"1$%#"6""!8#!%'!-/#$%&%''"3#0#70#&#'"!"%'"3# !77-%$!'" 70#&#'"7#"%"%'#0 &##8%'20#2,-!0%?!"%'%'�:%$# "%&%' 7,070"#/$<7-%!'$#"3#/%0#$"%'&%&&,#/=6"3##'"0!-/<%'%&"0!"%:# 0%=,'!-"3!""3#%<7,2'#/0/#0/!"#/ 4 3!&=##'
44 7!&&#/ -!%<"3#7#"%"%'#000#2,-!0%?!"%'3!&=##'/#$-%'#/=6 $%"%'2"3#--.%'20#!&'&(4
%
#"%"%'#03!/=##'!77%'"#/!&!!0/6'$'"0!$"=!&%& !'/=6.!6$<7!&&%'!"#!77%'"<#'".3%$3%&'"!0%23" =,"'-6!$'$#&&%'
%% 3#7-%$%#&'"3#&,=B#$"0#2,-!0%?!"%'0!<#/=6"3# 1"!"# ,'B!=/'"!77-6""3#'/%!' #/0&&1$%#"69 .3%$3%&!'!,"'<,&=/6!&"3#&!-!06@20!/#%&'"2%:#' =6"3#1"!"#:"
%%% '/%!' #/0&&1$%#"69!'&!%&,'/#0%'!'$%!-/%&"0#&&!'/ "3#&,0$#&%'$<#!0#-%<%"#/!'/!$$0/%'2-6=#'#%" 0#2,-!0%?!"%'%'�:%$#$!''"=#!$$0/#/""3#7#"%"%'#0 !:%'2 3#!0/ $,'&#- 0 "3# 7!0"%#& !" -#'2"3 !'/ 3!:%'2 7#0,&#/"3#7-#!/%'2&'0#$0/9"3%&,0"%&"3#$'&%/#0#/:%#."3!" "3# %<7,2'#/ 0/#0 /!"#/ ''#>,0# 4 /#$-%'%'2 " "3# 7#"%"%'#0=#'#%"0#2,-!0%?!"%'%'�:%$#9$!''"&,&"!%' "%&'"%'/%&7,"#"3!":%/#0/#0/!"#/CA
) '#1<"##7!%&3".!&!77%'"#/!& #'%#!-!&&457&"'
$<7!&&%'!"#=!&%&'!$$,'"/#!"33#03,&=!'/.3.!&!-& �:%'2!&! #','/#0"3#'/%!' #/0&&1$%#"6!'/3!//%#/%'
3!0'#&&'
0#4'"%$#/1<"##7!%&3"3!/=##'20!'"#/ =#'#%"0#2,-!0%?!"%' :%/#0/#0/!"#/ ) 4A 9 7!&&#/ =6 "3# #7,"6 <<%&&%'#04$,<43!%0<!'9 '/%!' #/ 0&& 1$%#"69%&"0%$"0!'$39!'&!
4)4
#0,&!-"3#!77%'"<#'"-#""#01<"##7!%&3"'! -!&&457&"/!"#/CA
.,-/0#:#!-"3!"&,$3!77%'"<#'"!7!0"0< 3!:%'2=##'20!'"#/'!$<7!&&%'!"#20,'/.!&!-&'$'"0!$"=!&%& 0&%><'"3&3#0#%&!$-#!0&"%7,-!"%'%'3#0!77%'"<#'"-#""#0"3!"3#0 �:%$#&$,-/=#"#0<%'!"#/!""3##'/"3#$'"0!$"7#0%/.%"3,"!'6 '"%$#!'/.%"3,"!&&%2'%'2!'60#!&'"%&'""3#$!&#"3#0#&7'/#'" 1$%#"6"3!"1<"##7!%&3"3!/=##'!77%'"#/!2!%'&"!0#2,-!0:!$!'" 7&" 1"0!'2#-69 "3# 20,'/& !& 0#2!0/& 0#2,-!0%?!"%' 7-%$%#& 0<,-!"#/=6"3#1"!"#:"'"=#%'2!77-%$!=-#""3#'/%!' #/0&& 1$%#"69!/:#0&#%'!'$%!-7&%"%'"3#%&"0%$" #/0&&1$%#"69!'&!
!'/"3#%'%"%!-!77%'"<#'"=#%'2'!$'"0!$",!-=!&%&3!:#=##'$%"#/'-6 %'"3#$!&#"3#7#"%"%'#0"/#'63%<=#'#%"0#2,-!0%?!"%'=,""3# &!<#:#0620,'/&3!:#'"3#-/2/%'"3#$!<"##7!%&3"9.3 .!& %/#'"%$!--6 &%",!"#/ !'/ .3 3!/ !-& =##' %'%"%!--6 !77%'"#/ ' $'"0!$",!-=!&%& #0-#'2"3�:%$#'$'"0!$",!-=!&%&.!&0! 7#0%/C6#!0&9.3#0#!&7#"%"%'#03!&=##'/#'%#/"3#&!<#:#06=#'#%" 0#2,-!0%?!"%'%'"3#-%23"%<7,2'#/0/#0/!"#/ ''#>,0#
4 %'&7%"#3!:%'2�:#/0!7#0%/%'#>$#&&6#!0& 3%&,0".,-/3!:#'3#&%"!"%'%'3-/%'2"3!""3#!$"%' "3#0#&7'/#'"1$%#"6%&!0=%"0!06!'/:%-!"%:#0"%$-#&A!'/ '&"%","%''/%! 3#%<7,2'#/0/#0/!"#/ 9%9"#&"#/'"3#",$3&"'#!%0'#&&!'/#D,!-%"69$!''"&,&"!%'
#"%"%'#0%&#'"%"-#/""3#=#'#%"0#2,-!0%?!"%''"3#20,'/7!0%"6 .%"31<"##7!%&3"
4A4
0"3#0#!&'&0#$0/#/!=:#9%<7,2'#/0/#0/!"#/
4 %&&#"!&%/# #&7'/#'"1$%#"6%&/%0#$"#/"%&&,#0/#0& 0"3.%"3!&0#2!0/&0#2,-!0%?!"%'�:%$#&"3#7#"%"%'#0'"3#7&" !0/6@-!&&457&"
#"%"%'%&!--.#/%'"3#!0#&!%/"#0<&
-,$86 3#"3#0&7#!8%'2@0#!&'#/( #&@ 3#"3#0 #70"!=-#( #&@