Majidan And ORS v. Iqbal And ORS
!!"#
$$%% &#' ()*%!"# +
,$! -#
# .'%-"/0!10#"$$%%
# &"2 3!0!10##$!4 5" $$% " * '! *6 " $$%%%7 8/ "7 7$ 2#!!*6" #!9%75#*'%04'" #"# :" 95;0'!"%"#02"<$#! 7#1"'%#!02""8$%
= %7 $ '!# > " # &"%0= #"#:" &;2'!*6" 2!20'#7 #?7#!'/"#!7"# %>"# (2$%!!"
=0@#" # 2 7/ #7 1%%/ A!"6$'# >" 7#6% % >"# 7 "7 1%%/ A8"'* 3%%*"/#" '# "# 7#6% @#" #! %%2/"7#6%""# @""6#"!1%%/
A8"'*0 1"% *#/ ,/# 4'7*# B,CC& "#####!:"!/1"%;7 1#6"/"$!02""2*/!#1*6#$!4 #" ! /%/ 7# ( #'8 " 7#6% */ !#1*6%>"#0#7"*8!0#'%2""0" '! 7'%$% /#1' '# B 2 8 D#% B$%0 D'#'/#70 2"# " 2!%#! *#'/" !! (, 4 !!
= '!# > = ! (-9 2#/#!-%>96>" %>"#2%7!*/! C6#!#/
E $# 7" *6 2#8/ /#'%'# ! 7%8'$$%# #!/%607$,
E2 %7!
5"!#1#!"2#"!/1"%0!! " %7 $ ! "6 !! $' $$# !$ #10 "6 2# $#!! / < $# 5"('#97$6#!''%! "2#7!!!"'7"!
#7 " $%!/ " $#0 %%2/ ' 2##7!
! "##$%& $& '() $*& !)(+ $&, $& * %"
*- +$ !
**. /+"# %( * $&0(!$) )() "$&% 12 $3 $& !") "&% &,+$,& %!$4$&, *- $#+ 1"!$&, !,$) !" $*& * 56655789: 12 $ ) %!$4!5 !)/*&%& * ;
7 - $))( * $) /!*4% <
! / $ $*&!) "! & $ +% * , #*3/&)" $*&
*& "##*(& *- %"
*- %#")% $& "##$%& "&% $- )* *< 3(# "&% -!*3 < *3;
=
! !)/*&%& * <")&* *+%$&, " 4"+$% "&% --# $4 %!$4$&, +$#&# " $3*-"++,%"##$%& ;
5= >
! $&)(!% ") 4$*+" % !3) "&%#*&%$ $*&)*- $&)(!"&#/*+$#2;
= 6 +$- C -#%!"##$11!
&! 2#! !! C
0 " 95 $#%6 %%2! " %7 $0 %!/ " %/ " $$% 5" 95 "%! " " !0 #'% 2""%>"#"!<$#!0"!8$%'" #"!/%/!#1/#$!4 F!#'4 0 "/%>"#2! 6#!"72 !, =0
E$#7"
58/"77'72/ $$%*%"#%170EC"7'2!!'!# $#%<$!#$$%6/"#%!!2"
?7@ :A 889@0'7, C0 =0
E 2!7$
("1"#!%#!'%#"$# 5"%#/'7#!*6%#!'%#" $$%%"#'72##'%62#!!%6 %70 2"# "'%! "1 * 2#!! %% " %7 B'#"#'*7"12"#%!!2
'$#0 " 7' 2#!! ' '#% <$ ! % !#1 * "!
= A#!'%#"('#97$60" **%!$'""#'72'%!*$6*%%% "%7!"#7"#%!!2 '$#0"7'2#!!''#% <$!%%#)'#*"!
( "1 !#!" '*7 7! *6 %#! '%#"$# 5"#"%%/"2#!*6"#! " ' /%/ ! *10 " %6 #/'7 #!*6%#!'%#"$$%%0"#7 "#%!!2*6">'$#79'#(!"
!"&"2 $ '$#0%%#'70G, 0
E#" "!$!02#)'#!*/#! >%%'#"#0# '#% <$ ! % 0 , 0C E '!# " "!02%#)'#!*2#!!
B1/!#!"'*77!*6%#! '%#"$#0"7$2#!!*6" 95 "!'!# ># 4 H"! 97$
/"!!
6# 4"/
(7"!! =
E $# 7" B!9%7 2#!!*6"
95
4"/
#!!'/EC"
0
E $# '7
<
4"/ "7 $#%<$" !! #$$%6/ '%$%# , 0
<C
49"/
C KC; L, 00
E
'#%<$ 0C
E 0C E A#'7
E 00
E
0
< AH 0C
E C E * "+*3/&)" $*&
)6 @B @@@C5
)9 @:
@@C5 5" % 7$0 "##0 7 0
0
E # !!'/ '7 , C0 =0
E ! *6 " 950 " *% 7$ 7 0=0
E 5"7'2'%!*$6*%!!" 7' ! *6 " %#! 95 %/ 2" # G
CI '%%6 5" !*'#% ! %*%6 $6 " 7 2'%!*$#"2#!
5"$#$$%#!/%6!$! C -!/ $$% 0 60 "%% % ! !$! ? A
! @""#$8/E#!
JE4 @""##$#*% JE4