(O&M) Hem Raj v. Leela Ram
!""#$%$&'"(!")*"+ %!, ") - ((".. &!
/"+%0% 1"". ) "%(&2"&!
!"#$%&' ()%)(*$
+"%"&!'
+ +%344 +5 .,26# !"
+!3" ((".. &!
+ - & &% .,26# !"
+!3"+"%(&2"&! 77777 )(*$+&
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
!3"+"."6 &!($&!!$)",)0#3."%%(%%"%%$& . $&!$ #C0$+"2!3"
=&5."24"!3 !2""&2 &!"&!"+"2$&! & 4+"")"&!2 !"2:5$!3 (+"6$0%5&"+ -"%3 +4%&$+23 +$1 .,+"%$2"&!!+""!E,
) 43* #=%$2" +63$!= +$#3., +& . 3" 4+"")"&!!%"..$& C0"%!$&5 % !!"%!"2*9 $&= %&$+23 +$1 . &2$5 &1 .%& 3 + ) ., +"%$2"&!% +& . . $&!$ 5 % +" 29 &2 5$..$&4 ! ("++)3$%( +!!3" 4+"")"&!*9+") $&$&4(+"%"&!$&!3"$#"0*
"4$%!+ +&!3"%!$(0. !"22 !",*0!!3"2""&2 &!2$2&!!0+&0(&6$"5 %0#3,3$%(+"%"&#"5 %) +="26$2" $2 6$!2 !"28: 3" +")"&!$&"2%0$!5 %#&!"%!"2*9!3"2""&2 &!*9 2"&9$&4!3" 4+"")"&!!%"..2 !"2: .."4"2.9"D"#0!"25$!3&"
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
%,8,?< .&45$!3$&!"+"%! % .."4"2$&!3"(. $&!G
F3"!3"+%0$!$%&!) $&! $& *."G > F3"!3"+(. $&!$3 %&.#0%<%! &2$!$."!3"%0$!G
".$"
,
&%0((+!3$%# %",(. $&!$"D )$&"2 F<B0.2""($&43
!5 +$,$5 &1 . % F<> &23$)%". ((" +"2 % F< $&= %& $+23 +$1 .5 %4$6"&0( %3"5 %5&6"+*9!3"2""&2 &! &!3" !3"+3 &2, $&= @ -"%3 B0) + ((" +"2 %F< &22""&2 &!
3$)%". ((" +"2 %F< &2!3""6$2"&#"5 %#.%"2 &!3"* %$%!3""6$2"&#"&+"#+2,!3"!+$ .0+!*9 &!$#$&4!3" #!!3 !!3"2""&2 &!5 %&!5&"+!3"(+("+!9&+3 2 &9(5"+ !!+&"9+) -"%3B0) + +$4$& .5&"+,2"#+""2!3"
%0$! 5"6"+, $& ((" . . $2 *"+" !3" 15"+ ((".. !" 0+!, !3" +")"&!$&"2-024)"&! &22"#+""3 %*""&%"!< %$2"
+ +%3 44 +5 ., ." +&"2 #0&%". + !3" ((".. &!< (. $&!$,$&%0((+!!3"4+0&2%! ="&$&!3")")+ &20) ((" ., %0*)$!!"2!3 !!3"15"+((".. !"0+!3 %.%!!3"%$43!!3" #!!3 ! !3" +" 2$&"%% &2 5$..$&4&"%% 5 % 20.9 (+6"2 & +"#+2 % (. $&!$ +") $&"2(+"%"&!*"+"!3"$#"0* "4$%!+ + .&45$!3* . &#"% ."
#&%$2"+ !$&,53"+" %2""&2 &!3 %&! ((" +"2$2 6$!"D"#0!"25$!3 +"4 +2!(+"%"&#"3 %*""&(+6"2&+"#+2 %D 86"& F<>$5 & 1 .,5$!&"%%!3" 4+"")"&!,(+6"2$!%"D"#0!$&""&2 &!2$2&! ((" +&!3"%!$(0. !"22 !",*0!%35"23$%(+"%"&#"*"+"!3"0*
"4$%!+ +&::&!3"* %$%!3" .."4"2."4 . &!$#"2 !"2 ::6"&$!3"2""&2 &!3 2"D )$&"2 -"%3B0) +,!3"+$4$& .
5&"+ %F<!3 !3"5 %+" 29 &25$..$&4!("++)3$%( +!!3" 4+"")"&!, *0! !3" #! !3" ) !!"+ $% !3 ! !3" (. $&!$ =&"5 !3" #&%"C0"&#"%&!%0##""2$&4$&#. $)$&4!3"2$%#+"!$& +9+".$"0&2"+ "#!$&!3"("#$$# ".$"#!,E:> +%3+!HE:>#!H,+, 2""&2 &! 5 % &! 5&"+ !3" (+("+!9 &+ !3"+" 5 % &9 +$43!
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
2>E,53"+"*9!3" ((" .5 % 2)$!!"2& !3"..5$&4%0*%! &!$ .C0"%!$&%. 5'< F3"!3"+ !3" $&2$&4% 4$6"& *9 !3" 15"+ ((".. " 0+! +"("+6"+%"!!3""6$2"&#"&+"#+2G F3"!3"+ !3" %0$! + +"#6"+9 %$)(.$#$!+ # &&! *" 2"#+""2"6"&+!3" 2)$!!"2 )0&!G > F3"!3"+ ("+%&# &! ="*"&"$!%$!%5&5+&4G F3"!3"+$!# &*"3".2!3 ! %0$!%$)(.$#$!+++"#6"+9 $%&!) $&! $& *."*0!!3"%0$!++"#6"+9$& .!"+& !$6"!!3" %("#$$#("++) &#"$%) $&! $& *."
"+ #&!+ , + - & &% ., ." +&"2 #0&%". + !3" +"%(&2"&!<2""&2 &!%0*)$!!"2!3 ! +$4$& .5&"+ -"%3B0) +5 % "D )$&"2 &23$%"6$2"&#"5 %$&! &2")!!3"!"+)% &2#&2$!$&%!3" 4+"")"&!!%"..$&C0"%!$&,53"+"*9$!5 % 4+""2!3 !!3"+"%(&2"&!< 2""&2 &!50.2*+$&4!3"+$4$& .5&"+&!3"%!$(0. !"22 !"20*!, 2""&2 &!2$2&! ((" +&!3"! +4"!2 !",*0! &!$#"2 !"2::
-
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
,+, 4+"")"&!!%"..D 2$2&!4$6" &9+"#6"+9+$43!% !!3"(. $&!$,!3"+"+",!3"(. $&!$# &&!! ="!3"*"&"$!(+6$%$&% "#!$&>E:>#! &2,!30%,0+4"2!3$%0+!+0(3.2$&4!3" -024)"&! &22"#+""0&2"+#3 .."&4" &%0((+!!3" +")"&!$&"2%0*)$%%$&%,+".$ &#"5 % ) 2"!!3"..5$&4-024)"&!%'< ./01#.200 1/3+ /4/ 56, ,- !#&!"&2!3 !!3"%".."+$% "&!$!."2 ! +"$! !3" " +&"%! )&"9 53"+" !3" % ." & $))6 *."(+("+!9 ..%!3+043*9+" %&!3" 0.!+ $.0+"!3"(0+#3 %"+ . $&!$)$%"+ *.9 $."2!*+$&4!
* . &#"% ."#&%$2"+ !$&&8:J ) /7
8 9:$0200; 9< /
.10+ ,- =6 /4/ ,> ! #&!"&2!3 !!3"%0$!5 %&!) $&! $& *." %!3"(. $&!$2$2
>
&! 6"+!3"!"+)$& !$&!3" 4+"")"&! &+"*0!! ., + +%344 +5 .+".$"20(&!3"-024)"&! !3$%0+!$& $ 701
.10200<013(:/+
/4/ 53"+" %0$!++"#6"+9!3"" +&"%!)&"92$%)$%%"2 *9!3"0+!*".53 %*""&2"#+""2*9!3$%0+!*9+".9$&40(&!3"+ !$ 2"#$2"&2$#0.."20!$&) /7
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
"4$%!+ +&::!5 % &2".$*"+ !" #!&*"3 .!3"2""&2 &! +53$#3!3"(. $&!$# &&!*") 2"!%0"+&6$"5%0#3%#"& +$, !3"(. $&!$3 2&!3"+#3$#"*0!!#. $)!3"+".$"" +&"%!)&"9 4+"")"&!!%"..50.22"")!3 6"*""&2"!"+)$&"2 15"+((".. !"0+! *2$# !"2$&+"6"+%$&4!3"-024)"&! &2
=
2"#+""!3"!+$ .0+!*93.2$&4!3 !&+"#6"+9+$43!%5"+"4$6"&!!3" (. $&!$0#3 6$"5(0+(+!"2.95 % %("+!3"(. $& &2%$)(.". &40 4" "#!$&>E:>#!,53$#3+" 2 %0&2"+'<
!!"
"
"
! !! "
# !"
# "
! " "
!
$ !!
! " % ! $% &5 %"!!."2 . 5 !3 ! 53"+" $& %0$! + %("#$$# ("++) &#""6"&$!3"+"$%&+"#$! .! =$&4 $2!3"0+!+!3" (0+(%""D"#0!$& &2+"4$%!+ !$&!3"% ."2""2,$&!3"+5+2%,$&!3" *%"&#"%0#3!"+)%$&!3" 4+"")"&!,!3"("++) &#"# &&!*"4+ &!"2 15"+((".. !"0+!+") $&"2*.$6$0%!3" #!!3 !!3" (. $&!$3 2(+6"2!3""D"#0!$&!3" 4+"")"&!!%"..,)0#3."%%+"#"$(! !3"" +&"%!)&"9 ,8,?<,53$#33 %*""& 2)$!!"2*9!3" 2""&2 &!3"+ !$#0.."20!$&) /7
"0 00 +50.2&!
3".(!3"2""&2 &! %$&&#$+#0)%! &#"%,2""&2 &!3 2*""& *."!(+6" &+"#+2!3 !!3" 4+"")"&!!%"..3 2*"#)"$&"D"#0! *." &23 2*""& # &#".."2$&6$"5&&<0.$..)"&!!3"#&2$!$&%("#$$"2!3"+"$& &, !3" (. $&!$ 3 2 (+6"2 !3" +" 2$&"%% &2 5$..$&4&"%% % 2""&2 &! $."2!(+6"3$%(+"%"&#"&!3"%!$(0. !"22 !"
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
<01 &'8A% *1.107/ B0
C0B
*1.1 .9 C0B