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* A F55.Limitation of Prosecution:- No court shall take cognizance of an offence punishable under this Act unless the complaint thereof is made within three months from the date on which the alleged commissions of the offence came to the knowledge of the Director-General, the Chief Inspector, an office-bearer of a voluntary organisation or, as the case may be, an office-bearer of any concerned trade union." / (
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* A F2.Definitions: (1) in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, (i) "employer" in relation to an establishment, means the owner thereof, and includes,-(i) ....
(ii)....
(iii) in relation to a building or other construction work carried on by or on behalf of a local authority or other establishment, directly without any contractor, the chief executive officer of that authority or establishment;"
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* A " Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded and punished accordingly."
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Applying the doctrine of strict construction, we are of the considered opinion that commission of offence by the company is an express condition precedent to attract the vicarious liability of others. Thus, the words "as well as the company" appearing in the Section make it absolutely unmistakably clear that when the company can be prosecuted, then only the persons mentioned in the other categories could be vicariously liable for the offence subject to the averments in the petition and proof thereof. One cannot be oblivious of the fact that the company is a juristic person and it has its own respectability. If a finding is recorded against it, it would create a concavity in its reputation. There can be situations when the corporate reputation is affected when a director is indicted.
59.
In view of our aforesaid analysis, we arrive at the irresistible conclusion that for maintaining the prosecution under Section 141 of the Act, arraigning of a company as an accused is imperative. The other categories of offenders can only be brought in the drag-net on the touchstone of vicarious liability as the same has been stipulated in the provision itself. We say so on the basis of the ratio laid down in C.V.Parekh which is a three-Judge Bench decision. Thus, the view expressed in Sheoratan Agarwal does not correctly lay down the law and, accordingly, is hereby overruled. The decision in Anil Hada is overruled with the qualifier as stated in para 51. The decision in Modi Distillery has to be treated to be restricted to its own facts as has been explained by us hereinabove."
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$ >$)! " >+$! 1$ 8( "$#$ "'&= "= ''42. ... ... ... Applying the doctrine of strict construction, we are of the considered opinion that commission of offence by the company is an express condition precedent to attract the vicarious liability of others. Thus, the words ?as well as the company? appearing in the Section make it absolutely unmistakably clear that when the company can be prosecuted, then only the persons mentioned in the other categories could be vicariously liable for the offence subject to the averments in the petition and proof thereof. One cannot be oblivious of the fact that the company is a juristic person and it has its own respectability. If a finding is recorded against it, it would create a concavity in its
reputation. There can be situations when the corporate reputation is affected when a director is indicted.?
11.
In the above said judgment, the Supreme Court was dealing with Section 141 of The Negotiable Instruments Act, which in pari materia with Section 53 of the BOCW Act. Therefore, the same principal will apply for the offence committed by the companies in this case also. 12.
The Karnataka High Court had an occasion to deal with the very same issue with regard to the scope of Section 53 of the BOCW Act and the Karnataka High Court in Sri Jitendra Virwani Vs. The State of Karnataka reported in 2013 SCC Online 6547 has held as follows: 5. Thus, from reading of the aforesaid Section, it is clear that if the offence alleged is committed by the Company, then the Company as well as all other persons, who at the time of commission of offence were incharge and responsible to the Company for the conduct of the business of the company, are deemed to be guilty of such offence and they are liable to be proceeded and punished accordingly.
6. Similar provision contained in Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act (in short 'the NI Act') came up for consideration before the larger Bench of Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada Vs. Godfather Travels & Tours Private Limited reported in 2012(5) SCC
661. The Apex Court has held that to prosecute the functionaries of the Company for the offence committed by the Company, there should be specific averments in the complaint to the effect that such person/s was/is incharge of and being responsible for conduct of business of the Company and in the absence of such specific averment, the functionaries of the Company cannot be prosecuted. It is further held in the said decision that commission of offence by the company is an express condition precedent to attract the vicarious liability of others. It is further held that the words "as well as the company" appearing in Section make it clear that when the Company can be prosecuted, then only persons mentioned in the other categories could be vicariously liable for offence subject to the averments in the petition and proof thereof.
7.
Section 141 of the N.I. Act, is in analogous to Section 53 of the Act. Therefore, the principles of law laid down in Aneeta Hada's case squarely applies to the facts of the case. Admittedly, in the case on hand the Company which is the principal offender has not been prosecuted. The petitioner in the present case is an Executive Director of the company and he is being prosecuted in that capacity.
8.
Therefore, in the light of the law laid down in the aforesaid decision, the prosecution launched against these petitioners as functionaries of the company, is not maintainable since the company is not being prosecuted. In this view of the matter, the prosecution launched against these petitioners are liable to be quashed. 9.
Accordingly, the petition is allowed. The prosecution launched against these petitioners in C.C. No. 191/2013 on the file of the Metropolitan Magistrate Traffic Court - I, Mayo Hall, Bangalore City, is hereby quashed."
13.
The judgment of the Karnataka High Court cited supra will squarely apply to the facts of this case. In this case admittedly M/s.HCL Technologies limited has not been made as an accused and the petitioner has been directly prosecuted by showing him as the Principal Employer. The complaint filed by the respondent is not maintainable even on this ground."
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