Sumitra And ANR v. Arif And ORS
!"# $#%&'&() *+"*,+&"-!!($!(".#- //#00!("' 1#-',' -& !($".#-' #'/($#("'
-#'#(") -*.&23,+!-4$2%!"# -".#!//#00!("' -*,5.!'.6!04$2%!"# --#'/($#(" 77777
8 - ".# -#!'(' +#("&(#$ &( ".# !//0&%!"&( !($ !-9,+#("' !$$-#''#$4".#$#0!6 $!6'&( &0&(9".#!//#!0&'%($(#$ //0&%!"&(&'!00:#$
.&' !//#!0 .!' 5##( &0#$ 56 ".# %0!&+!("' '##;&(9 #(.!(%#+#(" ".# %+/#('!"&( !:!-$#$ " ".#+ 56 "- %%&$#(" 0!&+'-&5,(!04!-&$!5!$<-&5,(!0= -'.-"2&$#!:!-$$!"#$ > ( !%%,(" $#!". 1#$ !-;!'. &( ! +"- 2#.&%0# !%%&$#(" (
.# %0!&+!("'4 :. !-# ".# :&$: !($ $!,9."#- ".# $#%#!'#$4 &0#$ ! /#"&"&( ,($#- *#%"&( ?? ".# "- 1#.&%0#' %" '##;&(9 %+/#('!"&( ( !%%,(" ".# $#!". 1#$ !-;!'. &( ! +"- 2#.&%0# !%%&$#(" :.&%. "; /0!%# (
>? $!"#$
:!' -#9&'"#-#$ !9!&('" -#'/($#(" ,($#- *#%"&( @>4 8 !($ !" 0&%# *"!"&( *,-!A 3,($4 &'"-&%" !-&$!5!$ .# 0#!-(#$-&5,(!0(%('&$#-!"&( ".# !%"'!($#2&$#(%#(-#%-$.#0$ ".!"".#!%%&$#("&(B,#'"&(";/0!%#$,#"".#-!'.!($(#90&9#("$-&2&(9
#($&(92#.&%0#56-#'/($#(".#-#&'($&'/,"#-#9!-$&(9".# !52#'!&$ &($&(9 ".#0#!-(#$-&5,(!0(".&'&'',#4:.&%..!'!""!&(#$
&(!0&"6":!'!''#-"#$".!"".#$#%#!'#$:!'!"-!&(#$$-&2#-#:!' 6#!-'!"".#"&+# .&'$#!".#:!'-,((&(9!"-!('/-"5,'&(#''!($:!' .!2&(9 ! 9$' %!--&#- 2#.&%0#4 #!-(&(9 ' 4C8 /#- +(". 0!&+!("' :#-# ,006$#/#($#(",/(".#$#%#!'#$ D#!-(#$-&5,(!0$#"#-+&(#$".#!9# ".#$#%#!'#$"5# 6#!-'!"".#"&+# .&'$#!".D#!-(#$-&5,(!0.!' ,-".#-.#0$".!"".#-# :!'($%,+#("!-6/- -#9!-$&(9.&'&(%+#:#2#- -+".#%/6 .&' $-&2&(9 0&%#(%# E
!($ %/6 E 4 &" :!' /-2#$ ".!" ".# $#%#!'#$:!'!$-&2#-C"-!('/-"#-56/- #''&(4".#-# -#4"-#!"&(9.&+"5# !$-&2#-4.&'&(%+#:!'!''#''#$!''4C8/#-+(".#$,%"&( C-$ :!' #
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
'.!-#4 G :!' $&-#%"#$ " 5# /!&$ &( %!'. :.#-#!' G :!' " 5# $#/'&"#$&('+#!"&(!0&H#$ !(; D#!-(#$ %,('#0 - ".# !//#00!("' !-9,#' ".!" %+/#('!"&( !:!-$#$"".#!//#00!("'(##$'"5##(.!(%#$(%+# ".#$#%#!'#$ .!' :-(906 5##( !''#''#$ !" '4C8 !' .# :!' #(9!9#$ &( ".# 5,'&(#'' "-!('/-"!($:!'#!-(&(9' 4C8/#-+(".&(%-#!'# ( !%%,(" ,",-# /-'/#%"' .!' 5##( !
-$#$ #$,%"&( C-$ .!' :-(9065##(#
#%"#$"&' ,-".#-!-9,#$".!"%+/#('!"&(.!'("5##( !:!-$#$(!%%,(" ,(#-!0#E/#('#'!($0'' #'"!"#"&'".,'/-!6#$ ".!"".&'!//#!05#!00:#$!($%+/#('!"&(!:!-$#$5##(.!(%#$ D#!-(#$ %,('#0 - ".# (',-!(%# +/!(6 .!' -# ,"#$ ".# !52#'!&$!-9,+#("':.&0#',5+&""&(9".!"".#&+/,9(#$!:!-$.!'5##( %--#%"06 /!''#$ (%+# ".# $#%#!'#$ .!' -&9."06 5##( !''#''#$ 5#%!,'# ".#-# :!' ( $%,+#("!-6 /- -#9!-$&(9 ".# &(%+# ".# $#%#!'#$#$,%"&( C-$:!'-&9."06#
#%"#$.,'4(9-,($&'+!$# ," -!(6#(.!(%#+#(" ".#%+/#('!"&(!:!-$#$ .!2# .#!-$ 0#!-(#$ %,('#0 - ".# /!-"&#' !($ .!2# 9(# ".-,9.".#-#%-$:&".".#&-!50#!''&'"!(%# 9# ".#$#%#!'#$&# 6#!-'!"".#"&+# ".#!%%&$#("&' (" &( $&'/,"# (%+# .!' 5##( %--#%"06 !''#''#$ !" '4C8 /#- +("..#-#&'(#2&$#(%#(-#%-$ "A,'"& 6 &E!"&( ".#$#%#!'#$=' &(%+# !(6 .&9.#- ( 2&#: ".# 9,&$#0&(#' 0!&$ $:( 56 ".# (=50# *,/-#+# ,-" &( !"&(!0 (',-!(%# +/!(6 D"$ 1' -!(!6 *#".& !($ ".#-'4 @ &2&0 >4 G &(%-#!'# &( &(%+# .!' " 5# !
-$#$(!%%,(" ,",-#/-'/#%"'0!&+!("'!-##("&"0#$"' 4C8
#!%. -0'' #'"!"#!($ ,(#-!0#E/#('#'5#'&$#'' 4C8&('"#!$ ' 4C8"".#%0!&+!(":&$: -0'' %('-"&,+ #$,%"&( C-$(!%%,(" /#-'(!0#E/#('#'&'A,'"& &#$ ,0"&/0&#- .!' 5##( -&9."06 !//0&#$ //#00!("'8%0!&+!("' !-#4 ".,'4 #("&"0#$"%+/#('!"&(4:.&%.&'-#8:-;#$!',($#-)8
(%+# 4/+ , 4C8/#-!((,+
"!0&(%+#!
"#-!$$&"&(!" ".#-!"# G(!%%,("
,",-#/-'/#%"' 4 4I4 4EG J4 4C8 (%+#!
"#-$#$,%"&( C-$ (!%%,(" /#-'(!0 #E/#('#' 4 4K
4 4CC-$ J
4C8
"!0$#/#($#(%6!
"#-!//06&(9 !+,0"&/0&#-
4J>4?
4C8 D'' #'"!"# 4C8 ? D'' %('-"&,+":& #
4C8 @ D'' ,(#-!0 4C8 4 4 .#!+,(" %+/#('!"&(!0-#!$6!:!-$#$"".#!//#00!("'4 (##$0#''"'!64'.!00'"!($$#$,%"#$ -+".#!+,("%!0%,0!"#$!'!52# //#00!("''.!005##("&"0#$"&("#-#'"!"".#-!"# @ G/#-!((,+(".# #(.!(%#$!+,(" -+".#$!"# &0&(9 ".#/#"&"&("&00-#!0&H!"&( //-"&(+#(" !+,(" %+/#('!"&( !+(9'" %0!&+!("' '.!005#&(".#'!+#-!"&!' &E#$56".#0#!-(#$-&5,(!0&-#%"&(' ".# -&5,(!0 &( -#'/#%" " +!((#- $&'5,-'#+#(" %+/#('!"&( !+,(" " ".#%0!&+!("''.!00#(,-#
L&".".#!52#'!&$+$& &%!"&(&(".#!:!-$$!"#$ > 4 /-#'#("!//#!0&'$&'/'#$
!"!# $%$&'( '.:!- )*+ *+#,+-."/+#+01+#/ )*+ *++, 2 +01+#/