Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board v. Ludhar Mal And ORS
!" #$$!#!%&''!&()
!)!"*!%$+
"$,$#!%$+
&)!)-(!%./ !(&$%0$!") &)!)-(!%./ ! 12
!"#$%&$''%&$&'%#(""%$"') $"'(%$&*"%$&*!%$&+#,!*"!-
'!**'!*",!*"'
""!$ ""'$
#+*) )*&!,!*"'
2+ 342 11154 .
,
/ % 0 1 2% 0 % 314/% 0 % 53 % 0 % 3
% 0 % 3 2% 0 , 2% 0 3 4 % 0 , 4 % 0 ,
1
2 4 1%
4% 11&$% &0&(-& 6
,0 2 ")* ,
#& ,
7 % "(+& , 8
8
1 ,
,
9 % '""*!*"" /
1
/
6
,
9
1
,
2
,1 %1
/ 2.:
! " # !
$%#
& '(
( ( &
! $%#
&
! ! %" ! )
'
' '
'
'
*!%"
"
+
*!"% " !# " " , " - ,$"" " , ' ! ! % " .
!
17 0 , *(*!"++*
&,
, &+ )")2 ,
, 14 0
2 6
7 9 , 8
980 1 !+*""++'
1 ,1 2 .:
/'!(&$% &(4&$%
&!)'!"&#"!
(+&2
&+%'"#;:
"$&)2
'(%($&;:
4 2 "'#)2
"%*&%""#;:
'
, 2 1 1 ,
% %, 0
,
& <
0 1 !#*!!**'
1
1
2
,!!#;:
7 / "*%$*%***;:
1 1
1
=> "%
2
,)* 2/ 0 "*
2,
2 1
,!#/ ,
1 9?6
1 1
;9 2 @+*%***;:
11 ,
4 2 2
2 % ,
/ , #
,
% !)& 1
, % 1 1
,"$*!!**+% ,1 1
7 3181 &$-!*-9) !((!#"&$% !")3 1 , /
%1
,2 A 1 $!
1
2 ,
0
1
, % ,0 ,
0
% 1
1 , /
2 ,
,
2
, 0 /%
, 21
/
,
9 1
,
1
2 , 1 1 1
0
/
% /
/% 1
2 :
>2
1 /
1
0 , A 1 2 %
1
%1 2
,
) A
2 1
"$*"!*"+%!"*"!*"+!!*"!*"+%
, ,
9 %
2
, %
$
, ,
2 0 0 /
,
9 ,
> 2
=> "%=> (*=> (" A
=> " "+"""+(", "2 ,%1
!!*+"+(+%=> (*1, !2 , 6
0
,
1!**;:
7 / 2 /%=> ("1 *"*("+(+, !2 , 6
0
1
2 /% /
"!B
"+"""+(",
,,
,( /
2 1 "+!;:
7 /
2 0 1 @'+!;:
7 /
0
1% %1 @!)&;:
7
/ 1 ,>
!'#;:%!!#;:"**;:
7 /
10
( =0 /%/
2 , !'#;:
7 / 1
2
,! %
=> "
1 ,
2 0 + 9 ,
1
314/% 0
2 ,
=> "
1
7 %1 1 /
1
%
, %0 > 2 2 0
@"!B
2
2 0 A % /%2 ,
, ,2 0
0 %
2 0 12 &##;:
7 /
, ,2 ,
, 2 %
2 0 11 @'**;:
7 / A ,
2 , 22
1
/ 21 1
, "* / % 9 % ,
=> (' *$*""+((1, "**7 /
0
1 @'#*;:
7 / %1 1
, 2
& , %
, %
2 1 / /
,
9 A 2
,3 '+#;;!!;! /
=> "
1 1 , => !;", 7 %
, %1
> 2 /A % /% 2 , ,2 %
,
%
2 0 11 2 2% /%2 @'#*;:
7 / A ,
2
, 898
0
,> @"**;:
7 / &%(&%***;:
1 1 ,2 ! , 2 %
, %
0
1 1
, 1 2 2
A % /% 2
1
/ / 2
1 /
""
,
2
2
,
1
1
1 1
2 2 %
, % 22 0 1
1, 2
/%
1
, 2,
2 1
7 %
, %
/
,
2 1 ,
17 ,&+ )")2 "# "!& "#2 1 /
,%
, 2/ ,
, 2,
!!*#"+(*=> C';
> ,0 ,+(
% %
1
, 22
1 7 ,
,
14 < 1 22
%
, , 1 / ,1 "!
,
,
"(,
1 1
1 ,
91 12
11 /
%
7 1 22
2 , 6
4 1 / > "+(*
7 922
;1
,
1
4
/%
12 1 , 1,,
,1 , 6
1 "** % % , 2
%
1 1 6
,
1 0
2 , 2
1
D % ,D
1% , D 2% , D 9 4 %?
9
%9 9 > ,
/ 1
7 6
1
2 '** ,
2 1
7 6
7 1 1
22 ,
2
11 , / 1
7 ,
/1
/ "' A
/, /
1
,
7
1
E1
% 12
22
,2 ; 1
/2 ,
1
,
,
0
7 /1
2,2 2 2 ,2 ,
6
1
%<%9 9
6
1 2 ,
, 1
, ,, ,
7 A 1,
7 , 1
22 , 2 %
1 ,
,0
%1
1 ,&:#32, 2 6
1 @ &*%***:&#%***;:
,
7 /% '*%***:'#%***;:
, 9 $*%***;:$#%***;:
, 4 2 ,
,
1
1
6
,
1 "& ,E
%?
, 21 0
=> " 1
7 2
9?
1 / E 2
, , % ,
1
/
/ 1
, 1
> ,
"#/ /
, /2 /<2
,
1
2 ,7
/ , 22
6
3 : 0 4 1 / >
7
40
2 %
, %7
6
, 1
1
22
1 ,7 1 ,
1 1/ 2 < 2 2 '*!#7 / E 2
=> "1 1 / 2E 0
0 1
17 ,
2 2 2:
2 2
2
,0
,0 2 / 2
%1 1
"#
C:
1 17 , ,
% $( 1
7 %1
/ E
1
/ "+$(E
1
1 &*,
1(*,
6
/1 1
/ "+$+$( ,+>!#81
2 2 6
1 2 1 #32 11:?0%1 9 ,?6
E
%4 , 9
7
22
6
7 1
0 0 ,,
2 1 10
/1 92
, )%***;:
7 / 12
1
1
1
,
6
"+"""+("=> "1 ,
%1 1 , 2 !#>+8, 2,)%***;:1 1
,"!&"#2 A :
>2
2
/
0
0
/122
%
, % ,
2
=> "A 1 2
:
>2
/,2 /
/ "+(& "++"2/E,2
2
, 2 E / %
,
2
1
7 <
,
7
1
?
1 0 /,
2 ,7
1 ,1
,
% , 2
1 1 1
, 2 6
2 ,
1/1
1
,"**:"#*
") 2 /% C: 32
$(
>2 /") ,922
1 "+(*A, , , 21
,
,,
&
2 2 : $( 2 !#>+81
6
1 1 2 11#329 1
2 E 2
/1%
/ 1
"+*+"+(+%1
1, 2 !#>+8=> !1 0 / C:3 29 1
1 2 /=> '1 0
/1
7 2
1
7 11
22
2 ,7 A 1 2
,,
7 1
> "++*
0
1
2
7 %
16 F 6
7 1 1
22 ,
"#:")/ "$
C:E 0
0
=> ! "**!"++" 7
9 :
2 %1 1 1
21
7 ,
22 1A 1
21 /
7
1
7 , 3 !';"
1 , 2,
, 61 21
7 1
7 C
1 :
>2
/ , ,
7
,
7
1 0 0
122
<
7 1,
1, ,, E
,1
2 2 "(
C: 2 2%
%
'(
,0 2
0 ,
2 => ' &*
=> &" $(E
, 1
> "++*2 922
7
7 1 ,
7 1 ,
7 C: 23 %
1 0
"+"!"+(+=>$+%1 1,# 2 1, 2,#$%***;:E 2 0
2 2 /%
!!*+"+(+=> (**"*("+(+=> (" 1
7 "+
C:
""(
2
7
9 E 1 9 :
2 2 1
, 23 %C 9
%1
1 9?,
2 ,1
2 , 2
7 1 / 22
!*
C:
, %
%
7 6 F1
7
1
2 C:
% 1 %1
=> ' 1
,
3
, 22
7 6
1 17
1
A :
>2
1
2
2
7
2 1
> ,
7 ,
6
9 :
2
1
4 1
2 0
4 1
1, E
7 1 ,"#* 2,
2 1/ E
,
12 10
1 8
, !"
C:5
1 12 2
9% , &
2
2
2
2
/% 1
C: 0 3
1%
*$*""+((=> ('1
2 #* /
0 ,1 1#%***;: ,
"#,
1
1
, / , /<2
,
, A :
>2
1 0
E '+
=> (! 1
1
7
2 , ,
1
11
-- " 0 9 /1 ,$#*31 ?
9
1 ,!32,
7 11 ,'32 !!
C:
%?
, 2 =>+
,2 : 9 1
, 2
, 6
1 ,'**/ ,
2
C: 32
?
, 2
, 1
7
,
1
, , 2 1 ,2,
7 A :
>2
,
7 ,1
22
, ,
40
2 , 1
,>
22 %
, % / , 1
2 2 C: 0
, 2 ,
"#2 1
,,
/ "+(*:"+("10 ,&+ 1 17 6
1
1 1 !'
C:?
% 1 % 7 9D %
=> "1 1
E
7
1
1:,
0 1
,
?
%1 1:,
E ,
=> ! => $
0
/ 21=> (E ,
2
1/ 1 => "%1
1E 2 1
%
1
2
$(,
,&*>$*8
7 2 "!& "#2 %1 1 / /1
2 $(
2
7 E ,
2
4
1
"+(( / 1
, "+(!E 2
7 1&+ )")2
"!&"#2
, E 2
%1
4
2 ,7
1 9,
2 1 6
9 2 > ? <,, %
8,, 1
61619
1 ,!32E 11
21 1
7 !& 2 /%
% 1 %E7 , 2=> "
7 1 1 %%9?
1 =%%4E1,
?
1 1
: 0 6
7 1
431 :,
6
2 5%3% 1") 1 4 ,
/ "+()1 &G,7
2 2 2 1
1, 2 6
, 2 91 7
1
,
4 6
1 ,
1 11"$ 2619
1 ,'326
2 !:'
7 1
/9
0
%
/
1
, 2 9 /
7 1 ,2 !#
C: 0
%
1 %E7 %1 1 !**(
>2 ,
2%
%1
/
2 E 0
,
2
1 1
0 1,
/ "+(# "++*E
7 %
1
0
1, ?
1 2 ,#* ,<
7
A :
>2
1,
7 1 1
22 6
, 2 1 1 => "
1"$ "+ 21 ,
2
1
7 1 1 E
2
1
%2%
2 6?19
E
/1
> "++* E 11
2 /4 1 / >
7
,52,
/ "+(+:"++*=> #
2 ;
3 '((;;!&%!#%'(+;;!";!!%'+#;;"%!%+%"*%""% "!%"+;"%!*;"%'+);;&%#%)%$%"&%!$%");"%"$;" 0 1
2
%
/1
14 2E
0
7
0
% 1 1 '! 32 ,
7 6
7 ,
, "&'+ 2 >2 /
2 E 1, , 21 '+#
1
1 >
7 E /12
,1 22
/ 2
,
,1 2 2 E 2
1 2 , 2 1 -)#,))-$ !)
0 0 % 1% %
, "!&"#2 , 1 /
,
,4 %1
1, 2/7 % %1 ,
: 0 /
922
6 , %
, %
6
,
9 1% /% ,
1
,4 6
,"#
1/:"*/
!!*#"+(*=> C';
0 1
1 1
22 6 , %
, % 0
,,
6
0 %
, %
,
1
2
,=> ('1 1 > 1/
*$*""+(( , "**7 / 1
> 2 ,
2 0
1
"2 !2 ,
, > 2
2 0
"# , !$ A
/
> 9 1
; > 2 2 ,2
7 1
,%
% ,
1 , 2 0 A3"-) &(&&-$&$%&$ !"9)1&! &"&$# &(&$% &$ !"3
:;<176
7 1"!(# ,
,40
2 / A 6
,
9 !*B
E
9
''''B
/%
1 1
, > , 2 ,
0 /, 2"*B ()''B
% %
, 2 /%"*B
2 0 , 2
1 1 '/
/ , 2 , !( 2 /% 39&((-/&88&( &$% &$ !" 9) 1'!#-&( & )-(%&":4&$%#=,-)--$<&$%&$ !"3
:
<1 6
!*B 1 12 ,
2 ,
> 2 1 ,
,
0 ,
0 1 "&:!*/ ,
2 6
0
.:
/%!0$ "
1$ " "
+ "
0"2 !% ! 2!"!20" ''' ''#$ "
!$" !2 !"
! " 2"#2!$ 3$ 2 $! $ " 43" ! !0 #
"0 !" " !"
+ !!02" + "
+ !% " 5 ! "
%" ! "
"% # ! 6$ % ! "+ 1 !% +
1 !% " #$ %3" !%!0 "0"
+
2% " !" " "
"%" 2"#2!$ 3$ "0 !% !"+" "% "+! #0"
+ ! 1$ "
%# !7"+!6$ 5 $!% !6$
# #"0"$ ! ! ! 2 !0 #
"0 ! $"0"! ! "0"
+ !+ $% " !$!"
+2$ !$# ""
.
!+ A31&# -$9)1&!&"/&$&3 ;:<1#&(!6
"#B ,
,0
1 0 %1
,
10
&*B
%
2 1 '*BA 39- &( &&$%&$ !"9)1'!#-&(4&$%#=,-)--$ -#!"3: < 161
7 1,'* >2 /
2 ,%
&*B 12
1 2
, 2#*B /
E
9 '*
,
=> ('1 1
3 '+#;;!!;!
=> "6
,1
%5%3%
1
4
,
% 1 6
,
2 % %9%? 1
,
% 1 1,
8 98%1 17 1
4 6
0
1 1
> 1/
, 1 '#*;:
7
/ ,2 , 0 ,'*B"*#;:%
0 11 @!&#;:
7 / A,#B2 0
,,
,!/ %
2 0
11 @ !$*""
7 / ,, !$*;:
7 / A
3 2
2 >2 /& 1/,
6
, %
0
1 2 @ '**;:
7 / %
2
,
2 0 '" A
> 2 1
1 7 A
3 '+#;;!!;!
&2
2
,7 => ('
,%
, % 1
> 2 %
0 1
11/
>9
31'!#-&( 4&$% #=,-)--$6 9-) &>&'&$&8 9) 18 2&$?&(& 0"-36 1;;; 6
0 ,
.:
*!" 6$ " ! " ! "
%"
"
+ !% 0$ ! !"2!"!2""
+ 0 %"+! # 8 # "
% 2""
+ $!2$% !#" "8 !% 0$9 "
"
+ ! % ! 6$ $ $!
" 2!"!2$ ##" "8 !" *!"""
$! ! $"2" !"
# "%% ! !$"" " ! "
$ " 2$# !# "0" 5 " # ! "" "
+"%"0 + ! "
! "+!#$! ! $""
#$ ! "% !
"" " 2$$ ! !% 0$5 "
" !"" $" ! "
3$+% "
:"&:
"$##- 0; <=''>;$;6 ( # ! !"6$ 2!"!
$<;?2%%#$0 !0
$!"
+ !"
5 !"+! ! + " " $ "2! ! !7"+!6$ !6"0"
6$ 3$ """
8$"
+ !% " !3$+% !@"0"" A ! ! 7"+!6$ ,:,%" !"% "0 "
B8A( A C "5 $% ! ! C D5 "%%
2+ ! $"" " 2$#
2 0 "
! "+!#$! "
"$ ! 2 ! " " $ %% ! " 2$##$+! "
8" # !$#" " ; " "" " % ! #" !"+!"%% " /$% ! B8A"+ $"
# " " 5 ! "
! % 2! 2$" !"
! " "
% !$# !% 0$ %C/!0
$# ! " 2$ + ! " 5 "$ $# ! "
"" " '("
2!"!
! *; $%# "
! " % *; ) $ "% ! 7"+! 6$ 2 C :!! !# # "+ $"
"
"
+ ! % ! " ! 3$+% %#3$ ""#$ 8$" # " + $"
" "
!% $ $"" "
" !2% ! "#0"$ "+.
'! 9 3-&$ &$%9)1&!&"/&$&&$% &$ !"3:
< 7 3,"1-$? &$% !")9)1&!
,$@&.&$%&$ !"3 :< :-*-(<; ,1
0 1 ''
/ ,
, 2 1 ,
%1
1 1
2
,, 2 2
6
1?
9
1 ,!32
1
2
0 /6
, 1 ,
=> &" $(%1
1 1
> ,0
2 E1
%
1
, 1
?
7
1 ,
/9
%1
,
/ '&
/% 9 ,
,
1 1
%
2 0 12 '**;:
7 / %
2 %1 1
: 0 4
/%
2 0 , ,11 @'**;:
7 / "&%#!%***;:
1 / , '# 2 /%
1 89 8122
2 0 , % %
, 3 '+);;!&%!#%'+#;;!"%!!% &*';;&-#%&*&;;"-!122
2 0 E1
% ,
,
2
%
2 1 22
0
2 1 1/,
%
, % ,
2 1 0
, 1
') %
, /
1 1 /
,: 0 , 2 89 2 0 122
0 @'**;:
7 / %
,
1 &*B
,
D
7 %1 ,&+ ) ") 2 >2 / &** %
, % &*B
,
2 0 11 "(*
7 / (%$"%!**;:
'$ , 1 ,
, 0
%
1 %E7 %1
'+#;;)%$%(;"%(;!%"'%"&;"%"&;!%'+&;;"%"*%""%!*%!"%'+#;;'%& #1
0 1
1,
/ "+(+:
"++*
/%
1 , /
5%3 1 0 2 0 ,"(*;:
7 / '(
> /
, 2=> ! => $
,1 1 > => (%1
/
0
/
2 0
!"%(");: &*%***;:
% 1 2
%, / ,
,
/ 0
1 / 1
=> "%1
7 %
2
16
/,
/
, 1 1
2 1 1
1
0
2 1
2 1 11 /
7 9 %1 1 "%*&%""#;:, 4 2
1
4 /
1
0
1/:
/ "+(*%
, %
2 0
7
, & , 1 2 2
1 1
,
%1 1 2
,=> ! => ( '+
7 1
0 , 2/0
2
,,
%
0 1
, , ,
1/
2
,3&"-%0&"!*!('8!$, "-/6 &"-%0&"9) &? ,.-"1-$? &$% !")3 :
<1 A
7 1,'()(
(%&#%"$&7 ,
1 , 2 , / 6
7 9 0
1 2
,
9
D
2 1
, 1 #**2
,
E
1/ , / #** 2
, 2
E
1/
/ 6
E
9 1 , 2 ,
7 % %
7 ,
> 9 1
2
, 1
2 1 ,
,
7
&*
/% 1
12 , 2 >%
, %
, 0
, 2
/
E
9 1
,
1 E1
%
1
1%1
1 ,
, 7 1 2 , 2
1/
%
2 0
2
1 0 %
2 /% 1
1
,
, 17
1 /%
0 2
2
1 /
, % , ,
1
0 ,
.:
(*!$ " 2! ! !$" !0 # 0$$ "% !% 2! !" "
!$" !0 #0$ " $ !8 ! $" ! " 8"%"
4"
7"+!2 6" *2
E"+ !0 "$% /%"$ F ,/! % % 8 "$" ! " " "%" " $ " 2" # " 0$ !$" "
+$ "% A5+ "$"2" !% "
+%"
" !"+!2 ! #"
+"
!"
" ! %$" 0$ ! 3 !%"
!"+! ! "
" 2!"! !0 6/!0+ !$ " 2 "$" !$" 3"
"
+ ! 2 #$ ! ! #"
+ 2 !
"% 2#0"$ ! ! " ! ! 2
# ! 2!"!" !2% ! 2 5 $! " $ " 2! "
2 # "
+% !" !# "3 ! 2 #$ 2"# +"0 !!"+! " !% # 2"#2 !2 !# " "
+"
# 2 2"#2+$$"
+ % !!"+! !2 @/!0+ 2" !"$ 2 "% "$"#$ ! " $" "2% 2 " "%" 2" !$ "4"
! " "+" 2 !
" $ "% *! ! !" # 2 "
!"
"
!$" %#%$! 2 ! "% % % " *!$"" " 2" !2!"!2 % "0%8 0"+ %$"
+#$
#"+!% "+$$ *!7"+!6$ 2 ! 0"2 ! !"G " $ " " 2 # "
+ 0 ! % % " *! ,$ !" ! % " !2 ! 20 +$" $ *! !0"2 ! 7"+! 6$ ! % " !$ # 2
$ "% "
.
&"
2 1
,1
22 , 2 0
6
0
0 6
21
,1
22 , 1 1 1 2 %
7 ,
1
1 > 0 0
1 1 7 11
22 A
2 2
/ 1 1 0 229%
,1
22
,
1 11
2 , &!
1
1
0
,
, 1
22 , 2
% %
&' A
2
%
%1 12
! 6
,
/ 9 1
2
1 2
,
9 "$*!!**+ A
2 1
,
2 0
1 ,
, 1
2 ,"
6
,
.:
, !$#%"" 2 ! ! # !
! ! # !
# +"0 8 % " $ 0$ " " ! $ $ $ 2!"! 2 " " 8" "
+ ! 2!"! % " !# " " " ! %$ ! 2 2 " 0$ " ! B0
!$# ! 2 !2 %$!0" " "
!0$ "
!0""
" *!" " " 2$ # " ! ! $ %"
"
+ !"0$ !$" 5 " %" ! $ $ $ 2" % " "
" " !0$ 2!"!"
#"
+"$ "
! .
&&
/% 1 /
,
9
2
1 2 1 1
1
2 :
>2
1 /
1
0 , /
,
0
2
/%
2
0 2 , "
%
,
9 1 1 ,
2
,
, 9
!(-! &#
/%
,
1
1 %1
2 6
2
0 @ '**;:
7 / "&%#!%***;:
1 / , ,
, 3 '((;;!&% !#%'(+;;!"%!!%'+#;;"%!%+%"*%""%"!%"+%!*%!"%!!%'+);;&%#%)%$%"&% "#%")%"$%!&%!#%&*';;&-#%&*&;;"-!@"(*;:
7 / (%$"%!**;:
1 / , ,
1
1
0 2
0 2
&)
0 2 % , /% ,% / :1154< )0 /! ! "
+ F H ) /! ! #F H )