Ujjagar Singh Thr His Lrs v. Hardip Singh & ORS
!"# $#%&'&()*
+!,!-&(,.'&(%#$#%#!'#$".-/,..&'0' 11#22!("'
3#-'/'
!-$!2&1&(,.!($".#-'
#'1($#("'
) 4 0 0
-#'#(") -'.&'./1"!5$3%!"#5
-".#!11#22!("'
05 .&' &' ".# '#%($ !11#!2 &2#$ 67 ".# !11#22!("812!&("&
.#-#&(!
"#--# #--#$"!'".#!11#22!("5!
"#-.&''/&"'##9&(,'1#%& &% 1#- -:!(%# !(!,-##:#(" '!2#$!"#$ ; ;;<5'"!"#$".!3#6##( #=#%/"#$67(#/-$#3&(,.5'( 0!6.&(,.!'".#,#(#-!2!""-(#7 -#'1($#("( !-$!2&1&(,.5>!'$&':&''#$67".#2#!-(#$"-&!2 %/-"!($".# &-'"!11#22!"#%/-" .#2#!-(#$"-&!2%/-"5&(&"'+/$,:#("5.#2$".!"&( !%"".# !11#22!(".#-#&(.!$ !&2#$"1-3#".##=#%/"&( ".#!,-##:#("&"'#2 >&"./-$#3&(,..!3&(,$&#$(*
;;?!($".#-#6#&(,(".&(,( -#%-$"'.>".!"".#!11#22!("812!&("&
.!$#3#-!11-!%.#$$# #($!("'
( !($ ".# ($ -#'1($#("6#&(,".#>& # ".# &-'"-#'1($#("8 $# #($!("5#&".#-1-&-"/-$#3&(,.'4$#!".-".#-#! "#-5'##9&(," #=#%/"#!'!2#$##$
* .#%!'# ".#!11#22!(">!'".!"/-$#3&(,.!($.#.!$ #("#-#$&("".#'!&$!,-##:#(" -".#'!2#@1/-%.!'# 2!($:#!'/-&(,;
!($ /" !""!2.2$&(,
!($ ?5!'
/227$#'%-&6#$&(".#12!&("/" ".#""!2'!2#%('&$#-!"&('#""2#$5
'*5
@85!'/: ' 5
@8.!$6##(1!&$"/-$#3&(,.!'
#!-(#'":(#75>&".".#$!"# -#=#%/"&( ".#'!2#$##$ &=#$"6#(- 6# -#* ? ;;? /-$#3&(,.&'!2''"!"#$".!3#.!($#$3#-!1."%17
".#&('"-/:#(",-!("&(,.&:!,#(#-!21>#- !""-(#7$!"#$*
;;<5 >&".".#!,-##:#("#=#%/"#$&(".#1-#'#(%# ".-##>&"(#''#'5(!:#275 !+&($#-&(,.5.!-!(+&"&(,.!($ !'1!2&(,.
''#''&( ".#'/&"2!($&'!2''"!"#$".!3#6##(.!($#$ 3#-"".#!11#22!("5>.5!'%("#($#$&(.&'12!&("5%("&(/#$"6#&( 1''#''&(".#-# < >#3#-5".#-#!
"#-5-#'1($#("'( !($ .#-#&(#=#%/"#$ ">'!2#$##$'A/!!1!-" ".#'/&"2!($&( !3/- -#'1($#("8$# #($!("'
(*!($<5".# &-'"(#.!3&(,6##(#=#%/"#$( ;
;;5-#,&'"#-#$(
;;5&(-#'1#%" !($ ? 2!($B>&".".#'#%($ '!2#$##$.!3&(,6##(#=#%/"#$(
;;?&(-#'1#%" *!($
* ".#'/&"2!($('&$#-!"&( '* 5
@8!($'
@8&( -#'1#%" #!%.'!2#$##$>!'!22#,#$".!3#6##(1!&$ #(%#5&">!'%("#($#$".!"".#3#($##'5&#-#'1($#("'(* !($<.#-#&(5>#-#:!9&(,.#%"&%#
-"'"$&'1''#''".#!11#22!("A/!".# '!&$2!($>.#-#!'".#!11#22!(".!$!2>!7'6#&(,>&22&(,"1#- -:.&'1!-"
".#%("-!%"#("#-#$&(">&"./-$#3&(,.@-#'1($#("( !-$!2&1
* &(,.5671!7:#(" ".#-#:!&(&(,%('&$#-!"&( '
@8&( !$$&"&("-#,&'"-!"&(!($'"!:1%.!-,#' ('#A/#("275 ".# '/&" &( ".# 1-#'#(" >!' &('"&"/"#$ (
? ;;? #'1($#("' ( !($ $# #($!("' &( ".#&- >-&""#( '"!"#:#("5".#-".!("!9&(,".#/'/!21-#2&:&(!-76+#%"&('5 /-".#-'"!"#$ ".!"!
"#-".#'!2#"912!%#5-#'1($#("'(*!($<.!$#3#(-!&'#$! '.11&(,%:12#=3#-".#'&"#!($&(!(7%!'#5('/%.!,-##:#(".!$ 6##(#("#-#$&("67/-$#3&(,.!'!""-(#7 -#'1($#("8$# #($!("
( !($".#-# -#".#!,-##:#(" '!2#6#&(,-#2&#$/1(>!'! -,#$!($
!6-&%!"#$ $%/:#("5 >&". 1''#''&( .!3&(, 6##( $#2&3#-#$ " ".# !11#22!("812!&("&
".#'/&"2!($6#&(,>.227$#(&#$ .#2!'"$!"# -#=#%/"&( ".#'!2#$##$5&#* ? ;;?5 >!'!2'%("#($#$67".#'!&$-#'1($#("'"6#!4:!(&1/2!"#$$!"#4" >!' /-".#-%("#($#$".!"(# ".#>&"(#''#'"".#!22#,#$!,-##:#("5 &#!+&($#-&(,.5>!'!2'!>&"(#''&(!1#%&!2 >#- ""-(#7 #=#%/"#$67':#".#-1#-'(>.".#-#!
"#-,"'!2#$##$'#=#%/"#$C&( ".#(!:# ".#!('>#-&(,$# #($!("'D56/">&".".#-#3#(/#!/".-&"&#'
.!3&(,-# /'#$"#("#-!(7:/"!"&((".#6!'&' ".'#'!2#$##$'!($".# %&3&2'/&"%2!&:&(,"&"2#(".#6!'&' ".'#'!2#$##$'5!2'.!3&(,6##( $&':&''#$A/!!$&
#-#("1&#%# 2!($ ? #'1($#("8$# #($!("' ( * !($ <5 &# ".# 3#($##'
-#'1($#("'( !($ 5&(".#&->-&""#('"!"#:#("6# -#".#"-&!2%/-"!2' #''#("&!227'"!"#$".#'!:#".&(,5 /-".#-'"!"&(,".!"&(!(7%!'#".#7>#-# 1-"#%"#$&("#-:' #%"&(< ".#-!('
#- -1#-"7%"5
5".#7
< .!3&(,(9(>2#$,# !(7!22#,#$!,-##:#(" '!2# ">!' /-".#-%("#($#$67".#:".!"#3#(!'1#-".#-#3#(/# -#%-$5 ".# !11#22!("5 +!,!- &(,.5 .!$ (#3#- 6##( '.>( " 6# &( 1''#''&( ".#'/&"1-1#-"7!($%('#A/#("275.&'%("#("&(".!".#.!$ 6##($#2&3#-#$1.7'&%!21''#''&(".#-# >!'>.227&(%--#%"5&"6#&(,
/-".#- 1&("#$ /" ".!" &( !%" #3#( &( ".# !,-##:#(" ".# &,/-# C* ? ;;
D.!$6##(3#->-&""#((5"4:!(&1/2!"#&"45>.&%.'.>#$".!" ".#-#>!'! -,#-7%::&""#$.#>&"(#''#'"".#!,-##:#(">#-#'"!"#$ "6#4.#(%.:#(4 ".#!11#22!("812!&("&
5>.&%.>!'#3&$#(" -:".#&- 12!%#' -#'&$#(%# 1( ".# !
-#'!&$ 12#!$&(,' .!3&(, 6##( '/6:&""#$5 ".#
22>&(,&''/#'>#-# -!:#$67".#2#!-(#$"-&!2%/-")8
!
"#$$
% &
%
"#$$ !
%
"
#$$
"#$$ '
("#$) *
! &
%
&
"#$) +
! , "#$)
1(#=!:&(&(,".##3&$#(%#5&(%2/$&(, &3#>&"(#''#' -".# 12!&("&
!($ (&(# >&"(#''#' - ".# $# #($!("'5 ".# 2#!-(#$ "-&!2 %/-"
-#%-$#$".!"&( !%"#3#(".#12!&("&
.!$$&#$!
"#-.&'#=!:&(!"&(8&(8 %.&# !($ ".#-# -# %/2$ (" 6# %-''8#=!:&(#$5 !
"#- >.&%. .&' '(5 !-(#9&(,.5"#'"& &#$!' E8*!($!$:&""#$&(.&'%-''8#=!:&(!"&(".!" .#>!'("1-#'#("!"".#"&:# #=#%/"&( ".#!,-##:#("5= 8 5!($ ".#-# -#.#%/2$("'!7!(7".&(,>&".-#,!-$"&"'%("#("'B(-$&$.# 9(> ".#(!:# ".#'"!:13#($- -:>.:".#1!1#-.!$6##( 1/-%.!'#$67.&' !".#-5>&"..&: /-".#-!$:&""&(,".!"(("&%#>!'
'#-3#$/1(-#'1($#("'( !($ .#-#&($/-&(,".#1#-&$ ;;<8;?5(- >#-#".#7!'9#$3#-6!227",#"".#'!2#$##$#=#%/"#$!($-#,&'"#-#$ ; # /-".#-!$:&""#$".!"C".#7(#3#-,":!-9#$".#&-1-#'#(%# 6# -#".#'/68#,&'"-!-D5!'".#7$&$(".!3# /($'",#"".#'!2#$##$ -#,&'"#-#$ .##=#%/"&( ".#'!2#$##$'67-#'1($#("'( !($ &(
!3/- -#'1($#("'(*!($<5>&".$#2&3#-7 1''#''&( ".#2!($" ".#2!""#-5>!'!2'!$:&""#$67.&:
-: ".# !
-#'!&$ #3&$#(%#5 ".# "-&!2 %/-" %!:# " ".# %(%2/'&(".!"&( !%"".#12!&("&
.!$9#1"'&""&(,(".#!,-##:#(" '!2# >&"./":!9&(,!(7#
-"' -#=#%/"&(!($-#,&'"-!"&( !'!2#$##$!($ %('#A/#("275&"%/2$("6#'!&$".!".#>!'-#!$7!($>&22&(,"1#- -:
?
.&'1!-" ".#%("-!%" ">!' /-".#--#%-$#$67".!"%/-"".!" E8 .!-!(+&"&(,.5 (# ".#:!-,&(!2>&"(#''"".#!,-##:#(" '!2#5.!$ !&2#$""/-(/1" ,#".&:'#2 %-''8#=!:&(#$5!($".#-# -#.&''"!"#:#("&(#=!:&(!"&(8&(8 %.&# %/2$("6#-#2&#$/1( '-#,!-$'!(".#->&"(#''5&# !'1!2&(,.5.#!2'$&$("
!%"/!227'/11-"".#%!'# ".#12!&("&
>.#(1/""%-''8#=!:&(!"&(5.# .!3&(,!$:&""#$&( !%"".!"(!,-##:#(" '!2#>!'#3#-#("#-#$&(" 6#">##(".#1!-"&#'&(.&'1-#'#(%#5 /-".#-'"!"&(,".!"/-$#3&(,..!$ (#3#-'&,(#$".#$%/:#("&(.&'1-#'#(%#5(->!'!(7:(#7#=%.!(,#$ 6#">##(".#1!-"&#'&(.&'1-#'#(%# # !2' $#(&#$ 9(>&(, ".# ".#- "> 1#-'(' '.>( !' >&"(#''#'&(".#!,-##:#("5&#!+&($#-&(,.!($.!-!(+&"&(,.
">!'!2' /($67".#2#!-(#$"-&!2%/-"".!"".#.!($8 >-&"&(,!($ &(,#-1-&("#=1#-"#=!:&(#$67".#$# #($!("'.!$1-3#$.&'
-#1-"'!($1&(&(5"".##
#%"".!"".#'&,(!"/-#'(".#!,-##:#(" '!2# >#-# -,#$
(".#".#-.!($-#'1($#("8$# #($!("'(*!($<.!$$/27 1-3#$".##=#%/"&( ".#'!2#$##$'&(".#&- !3/-5>&".-#3#(/#-#%-$ '.>&(,".#&-1''#''&(3#-".#'/&"1-1#-"7!2'$/271-3#$5>&".( -#6/""!2"'/%.-#3#(/#-#%-$5".#-#671-#'/:&(,"-/". '/%.-#%-$
* ('#A/#("275>.&2#$#%&$&(,".#41-&:!-7&''/#'4!'1#-".# %!'# ".#!11#22!("5#3#(>.&2#6'#-3&(,".!"-#'1($#("8$# #($!("'( !($ .!$("$#(&#$".!"/-$#3&(,.>!'".#&-!""-(#71-&-" ;;?5 .>#3#-5&">!'.#2$".!"".!" !%"!2(#>/2$("'/11-"".#%!'# ".#
!11#22!("812!&("&
'5 >&". &( !%" ".# 12!&("&
'4 >( >&"(#''#' .!3&(, '.!""#-#$".#%!'#&--#"-!627
< ''#("&!227(".#!
-#'!&$ &($&(,'5!2'-#%-$&(,".!"".# -#:!&(&(,&''/#'>#-##&".#-("1-#''#$-.!$6#%:#-#$/($!("&(3&#> ".# &($&(,'(".#:!&(&''/#'5".#'/&">!'$&':&''#$
.#2#!-(#$ &-'"!11#22!"#%/-"5!
"#-("&%&(,".##''#("&!2 12#!$&(,'!($".##3&$#(%#2#$67".#1!-"&#'5!2'$&'%/''#$".#"#'"&:(7 E8< !'1!2&(,.'.>("6#!(!""#'"&(,>&"(#''(".#!,-##:#("5 !'.!'!2-#!$76##(("&%#$.#-#&(!63#5!($ /-".#-6'#-3#$".!"!1#-/'!2 ".#!,-##:#(" '!2#= 8 -#3#!2#$".!"(".#-#3#-'# ".# !,-##:#("".#(/:6#- ".#'"!:11!1#-.!$6##('.>("6#*<<$!"#$
; ;;<5&''/#$"$# #($!("( !-$!2&1&(,.5>&".".#(!:# ".# '"!:13#($-'##("6# .!(-!+#."!56#!-&(,.&''&,(!"/-#'>#3#-5 ".# "#'"&:(7 E8?5 !$!( 0!25 -: ".#
&%# ".# #1/"7 ::&''&(#-51-3#$".!"!'1#--#%-$".#! -#'!&$(/:6#-#$'"!:1 1!1#-.!$6##(&''/#$"(#!".#0!25'( /9/($0!25>.&%.>!'!2' 63&/' -:".#$%/:#("1-3#$!'= E8?@5>&".".#$%/:#("= E8?@ -#3#!2&(,".!"".#2&%#(%# '"!:13#($- .!(-!+#."!.!$&(
!%" 6##( '/'1#($#$ !($ '/6'#A/#("27 %!(%#22#$ 3&$# !( -$#- $!"#$
* ;
*#(%#5(!"/-!2275.#%/2$(".!3#'2$!(7'"!:11!1#-'(
; ;;< .#-#!
"#-5!2'-# #--&(,"".# !%"".!"".#-#3#(/#-#%-$$&$ ("6#!-/"".#%("#("&( ".#12!&("&
5!($".!"".#.!($8>-&"&(,#=1#-"
.!$!2' /($".!"".#'&,(!"/-#'>#-# -,#$5!($".#1-1#-"7.!3&(,6##( .!($#$ 3#- " -#'1($#("8$# #($!("' ( * !($ < !2' .!3&(, 6##(
!$:&""#$67".#'( ".#12!&("&
5".#'"!($ ".#12!&("&
&(.&'12!&("
".!".#>!''"&22&(1''#''&(".#-# 63&/'27%/2$("6#6#2#$
? &(!2275("&%&(,".!"&(".#!6'#(%# !(7-#3#(/#-#%-$ $#1&%"&(,".#12!&("&
"6#&(".#1''#''&( ".#'/&"1-1#-"75$# #($!("'
( * !($ < !2' %/2$ (" .!3# .!$ !(7 9(>2#$,# !(7 !22#,#$ !,-##:#(" '!2#6#">##(".#12!&("&
!($$# #($!("'( !($ 5".# !11#!2>!'$&':&''#$>&".%'"'5/1.2$&(,".#+/$,:#("!($$#%-##&''/#$ 67".#2#!-(#$"-&!2%/-"
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
#=#%/"&(>!'!%"/!227* ? ;;?5>&".".#'/&"&('"&"/"#$( ? ;;?
# /-".#-'/6:&""#$".!"&( !%"!"".#"&:#".!"".#'/&".!$ 6##( &2#$5!(&(+/(%"&(.!$6##(,-!("#$&( !3/- ".#!11#22!("'67".# 2#!-(#$"-&!2%/-"!($%('"-/%"&((".#'/&"1-1#-"767-#'1($#("'8 $# #($!("'*!($<>!'(27:!$#!
"#-".!"&("#-&:-$#->!'3!%!"#$@("
#="#($#$67".!"%/-"
;
; # (#=" -#&"#-!"#$ ".!" ".# 2#!-(#$ '" !11#22!"# %/-" .!' >.227#--#$&(-#27&(,(27/1(".#"#'"&:(7 ".#>&"(#''>."/-(#$ .'"&2#5 &# E< !'1!2 &(,.5 >.&2# (" ,&3&(, !(7 %-#$#(%# " ".# "#'"&:(7 E!+&($#-&(,.5>..!$"#'"& &#$"".##
#%"".!"&( !%"
".#!,-##:#(">!''&,(#$&(.&'1-#'#(%#5>&".#3#(".#2!"#12!&("&
+!,!-&(,.5.!3&(,"2$.&:!6/".&'!""-(#7/-$#3&(,.".-/,. >.:".#!,-##:#(">!''&,(#$!($".!"+!,!-&(,.!($/-$#3&(,. .!$,(#"1/-%.!'#".#'"!:11!1#-' #.!'!2'-# #--#$"".#"#'"&:(7 ".#$##$>-&"#-
!3&(,%('&$#-#$".#!
-#'!&$%("#("&('-!&'#$672#!-(#$ %/('#25 &($:7'#2 /(!62#"!,-##>&".".#:5&(3&#> ".#$#"!&2#$
&($&(,',&3#(676".".#2#!-(#$%/-"'6#2>5#'1#%&!227!'(".&(,.!' 6##('.>("".&'%/-"5".!""$&'2$,#".#-#1-" ".#.!($8>-&"&(, #=1#-"#=!:&(#$67".#-#'1($#("8$# #($!("'5!(7".#-#=1#-".!$6##( #=!:&(#$ 67".#!11#22!("812!&("&
" '.> ".!" ".#'&,(!"/-#' ( ".# !,-##:#(" '!2#>#-#(" -,#$@%1&#$ #="5:'"&:1-"!("275(".&(,.!'6##('.>("".&'%/-"" $&'2$,#".# &($&(, ".#2#!-(#$2>#-!11#22!"#%/-""".##
#%"".!"( ".#$!"#".!"".#'"!:11!1#-.!$6##(-#%-$#$"6#'2$"-#'1($#("8 $# #($!("( 67'"!:13#($- .!(-!+F>##"75&#( ; ;;<5.#
!%" .# >!' (" 2&%#('#$ " '#22 '/%. 1!1#-'5 .&' 2&%#(%# .!3&(, 6##( %!(%#22#$
7#!-' #!-2&#-&( ;
*5 /-".#- '##( >&". ".# !%" ".!" ".#
&%&!2' -:".# #1/"7::&''&(#-'4
&%#.!$"#'"& &#$".!"&( !%"".# '!&$(/:6#-#$'"!:11!1#-.!$6##(&''/#$"(#!".#0!2!($("" .!(-!+F>##"7">.:&(!(7%!'#&"%/2$(".!3#6##(&''/#$! "#-
%!(%#22!"&( ".#2&%#(%#
#="5".#%("#("&( ".#12!&("&
&(.&'12!&("6#&(,".!".# >!'&(1''#''&( ".#'/&"1-1#-"7'&(%#".#$!"# #=#%/"&( ".# !,-##:#(">!'$&'1-3#$("+/'"67".#-#3#(/#-#%-$("'.>&(,!(7 '/%.1''#''&(56/" /-".#-67.&''( E8*!-(#9&(,.5>.'"!"#$ ".!"&( !%"(!""#:1".!$6##(:!$#"#3#(,#"".#'!2#$##$-#,&'"#-#$5 "./,..#9(#>".!"">'!2#$##$'.!$6##(#=#%/"#$67-#'1($#("'8 $# #($!("'( !($ &( !3/- -#'1($#("'(*!($< ( !%"".&'%/-".!$1/"!'1#%& &%A/#-7"2#!-(#$%/('#2 - ".#!11#22!(""".##
#%"".!""./,.5/($/6"#$275".#'!2#$##$'!-# !$:&""#$".!3#6##(#=#%/"#$1-&-"".#2!'"$!"#'.>(&(".#!,-##:#(" '!2# -#=#%/"&(".#-# 57#"5#3#('5(("&%#>!''.>(".!3# 6##(&''/#$"".#-#'1($#("8$# #($!("'",#"!'!2#$##$#=#%/"#$&( "#-:' ".#!,-##:#("#%/2$("$#(7".#'!&$ !%"6/"'"!"#$".!"!'".# '/&"&"'#2 .!$6##(&('"&"/"#$( ? ;;?5%('#A/#("27(("&%#>!'
-#A/&-#$"6#&''/#$ * 3#(.!3&(,%('&$#-#$".!" !%"5 -".#-#!'('!2-#!$7,&3#( 67".#2#!-(#$2>#-!11#22!"#%/-"!'-#,!-$'".#'"!:11!1#-(>.&%.".# !,-##:#(" '!2#'.>("6##=#%/"#$63&/'276#&(,! !6-&%!"#$@ -,#$ '"!:11!1#-5-!"2#!'"%!--7&(,! !6-&%!"#$(/:6#-(&"5>&".".#1&(&( ".#.!($8>-&"&(,#=1#-"!'-#,!-$'".#'&,(!"/-#'".#-#(!2'6#&(,
-,#$(#3#-.!3&(,6##($&'2$,#$67".#!11#22!("812!&("&
5 /-".#-'##( >&".".# !%"".!"-#'1($#("'(*!($<>#-#!$:&""#$".!3#"!9#( 1''#''&(!($%('"-/%"#$3#-".#'/&"1-1#-"75 &($!6'2/"#27( ,-/($"&("#- #-#>&".".#+/$,:#("'!($$#%-##'&''/#$67".#2#!-(#$
%/-"'6#2> ('#A/#("275 &($&(,(:#-&"&(".&'!11#!25&"&'$&':&''#$&( 5>&".!22%'"'(!"/-!227"6#6-(#67".#!11#22!("'5".-/,./"
!
"#$%