High Court of TripuraWA/4/2014disposed of

All India Plastic Industries Asso. v. The State Of Tripura

2015-01-09Hon'Ble The Chief Justice Deepak Gupta,The Hon'Ble Mr Justice U. B. Saha15 pages

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? @& "3. Power of Central Government to take measures to protect and improve environment.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the CentralGovernmentshallhavethepowertotakeallsuchmeasuresasit

deems necessary or expedient for the purpose of protecting and improvingthequalityoftheenvironmentandpreventing,controllingand abatingenvironmentalpollution.

(2)Inparticular,andwithoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheprovisions ofsubsection(1),suchmeasuresmayincludemeasureswithrespectto alloranyofthefollowingmatters,namely: (i) coordinationofactionsbytheStateGovernments,officersand otherauthorities (a)underthisAct,ortherulesmadethereunder;or (b)underanyotherlawforthetimebeinginforcewhich isrelatabletotheobjectsofthisAct; (ii) planningandexecutionofanationwideprogrammeforthe prevention,controlandabatementofenvironmental pollution; (iii) layingdownstandardsforthequalityofenvironmentinits variousaspects; (iv) layingdownstandardsforemissionordischargeof environmentalpollutantsfromvarioussourceswhatsoever: Provided that different standards for emission or discharge may be laid down under this clause from different sources having regardtothequalityorcompositionoftheemissionordischarge ofenvironmentalpollutantsfromsuchsources; (v) restrictionofareasinwhichanyindustries,operationsor processesorclassofindustries,operationsorprocessesshallnot becarriedoutorshallbecarriedoutsubjecttocertainsafeguards; (vi) layingdownproceduresandsafeguardsforthepreventionof accidentswhichmaycauseenvironmentalpollutionandremedial measuresforsuchaccidents; (vii) layingdownproceduresandsafeguardsforthehandlingof hazardoussubstances; (viii) examinationofsuchmanufacturingprocesses,materialsand substancesasarelikelytocauseenvironmentalpollution; (ix) carryingoutandsponsoringinvestigationsandresearchrelating toproblemsofenvironmentalpollution; (x) inspectionofanypremises,plant,equipment,machinery, manufacturing or other processes, materials or substances and giving,byorder,ofsuchdirectionstosuchauthorities,officersor persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention,controlandabatementofenvironmentalpollution; (xi) establishmentorrecognitionofenvironmentallaboratoriesand institutes to carry out the functions entrusted to such environmentallaboratoriesandinstitutesunderthisAct; (xii) collectionanddisseminationofinformationinrespectofmatters relatingtoenvironmentalpollution; (xiii) preparationofmanuals,codesorguidesrelatingtothe prevention,controlandabatementofenvironmentalpollution; (xiv) suchothermattersastheCentralGovernmentdeemsnecessary or expedient for the purpose of securing the effective implementationoftheprovisionsofthisAct.

(3) The Central Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedientsotodoforthepurposeofthisAct,byorder,publishedinthe OfficialGazette,constituteanauthorityorauthoritiesbysuchnameor namesasmaybespecifiedintheorderforthepurposeofexercisingand performing such of the powers and functions (including the power to issuedirectionsundersection5)oftheCentralGovernmentunderthis Actandfortakingmeasureswithrespecttosuchofthemattersreferred toinsubsection(2)asmaybementionedintheorderandsubjecttothe supervisionandcontroloftheCentralGovernmentandtheprovisionsof such order, such authority or authorities may exercise the powers or performthefunctionsortakethemeasuressomentionedintheorderas if such authority or authorities had been empowered by this Act to exercise those powers or perform those functions or take such measures.

00000000000000000000000. 5. Powertogivedirections.Notwithstandinganythingcontainedin any other law but subject to the provisions of this Act, the Central Governmentmay,inthe exerciseofitspowers andperformanceofits functions under this Act, issue directions in writing to any person, officer or any authority and such person, officer or authority shall be boundtocomplywithsuchdirections. ExplanationFortheavoidanceofdoubts,itisherebydeclaredthatthe power to issue directions under this section includes the power to direct (a)theclosure,prohibitionorregulationofanyindustry, operationorprocess;or (b)stoppageorregulationofthesupplyofelectricityorwateror anyotherservice. 6. Rules to regulate environmental pollution.

(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules in respectofalloranyofthemattersreferredtoinsection3.

(2)Inparticular,andwithoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheforegoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely: (a) thestandardsofqualityofair,waterorsoilforvariousareasand purposes; (b)themaximumallowablelimitsofconcentrationofvarious environmentalpollutants(includingnoise)fordifferentareas; (c) theproceduresandsafeguardsforthehandlingofhazardous substances; (d) theprohibitionandrestrictionsonthehandlingofhazardous substancesindifferentareas; (e) theprohibitionandrestrictiononthelocationofindustries andthecarryingonprocessandoperationsindifferentareas; (f) theproceduresandsafeguardsforthepreventionofaccidents whichmaycauseenvironmentalpollutionandforproviding forremedialmeasuresforsuchaccidents."

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<( "4. Directions. - (1) Any direction issued under section 5 shall be in writing. (2)Thedirectionshallspecifythenatureofactiontobetakenandthe timewithinwhichitshallbecompliedwithbytheperson,officerorthe authoritytowhomsuchdirectionisgiven. [(3a)]Theperson,officerorauthoritytowhomanydirectionissoughtto beissuedshallbeservedwithacopyoftheproposeddirectionandshall be given an opportunity of not less than fifteen days from the date of service of a notice to file with an officer designated in this behalf the objections,ifany,totheissueoftheproposeddirection.

[(3b)Wheretheproposeddirectionisforthestoppageorregulationof electricity or water or any other service affecting the carrying on any industry,operationorprocessandissoughttobeissuedtoanofficeror anauthority,acopyoftheproposeddirectionshallalsobeendorsedto theoccupieroftheindustry,operationorprocess,asthecasemaybe andobjections,ifany,filedbytheoccupierwithanofficerdesignatedin thisbehalfshallbedealtwithinaccordancewiththeproceduresunder subrules(3a)and(4)ofthisrule: Provided that no opportunity of being heard shall be given to the occupierifhehadalreadybeenheardearlierandtheproposeddirection referred to in subrule (3b) above for the stoppage or regulation of electricityorwateroranyotherservicewastheresultantdecisionofthe CentralGovernmentaftersuchearlierhearing.]

(4) The Central Government shall within a period of 45 days from the dateofreceiptoftheobjections,ifanyorfromthedateuptowhichan opportunityisgiventotheperson,officerorauthoritytofileobjections whichever is earlier, after considering the objections, if any, received from the person, officer or authority sought to be directed and for reasonstoberecordedinwriting,confirm,modifyordecidenottoissue theproposeddirection. (5)InacasewheretheCentralGovernmentisoftheopinionthatinview ofthelikelihoodofagraveinjurytotheenvironmentitisnotexpedient to provide an opportunity to file objections against the proposed direction,itmay,forreasonstoberecordedinwriting,issuedirections withoutprovidingsuchanopportunity.

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<( "25.Acenturyago,inTaylorv.Taylor,(1876)1ChD426,JasselM. R.adoptedtherulethatwhereapowerisgiventodoacertainthingina certain way, the thing must be done in that way or not at all and that othermethodsofperformancearenecessarilyforbidden.Thisrulehas stood the test of time. It was applied by the Privy Council, in Nazir Ahmedv.Emperor,AIR1936PC253,andlaterbythisCourtinseveral cases,AIR1954SC322,toaMagistratemakingarecordunderSections 164and364oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,1898.Thisrulesquarely applies"where,indeed,thewholeaimandobjectofthelegislaturewould beplainlydefeatedifthecommandtodothethinginaparticularmanner did not imply a prohibition to do it in any other."

(Maxwell's InterpretationofStatutes,11thEdn.,p362363)Therulewillbeattracted with full force in the present case because nonverification of the surrender in the requisite manner would frustrate the very purpose of thisprovision.Intentionofthelegislaturetoprohibittheverificationof thesurrenderinamannerotherthantheoneprescribed,isimpliedin these provisions. Failure to comply with these mandatory provisions, therefore, had vitiated the surrender and rendered it nonest for the purposeofSection5(3)(b)."

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