Uma Shankar Shukla And ORS v. Coal India Limited And ANR
IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
CONSTITUTIONAL WRIT JURISDICTION Appellate Side
Present:
The Hon'ble Justice Ajay Kumar Gupta WPA 19989 of 2021 Uma Shankar Shukla and Ors.
Versus
Coal India Limited and Others For the Petitioners :
Mr. Soumya Majumder, Ld. Sr. Adv.
Ms. Sanjukta Dutta, Adv.
Mr. Barnamoy Basak, Adv.
For the Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 :
Mr. Sakya Sen, Ld. Sr. Adv.
Mr. Varun Kedia, Adv.
Mr. Avee Jaioswal, Adv.
Heard on :
13.08.2025 Judgment on :
10.09.2025
Ajay Kumar Gupta, J:
1.
Writ petitioners have approached this Court seeking direction upon the respondent authorities to restore the petitioners' seniority in E-4 grade notionally with effect from 30th September, 2014, i.e. the same date on which the other directly recruited executives at the entry level grade in Coal India Limited, had been granted notional seniority at E-4 grade and other consequential reliefs.
2.
The petitioners' case is that they are directly recruited officers in the executive cadre of Coal India Limited (in short, 'CIL') and entered in service as Management Trainee (Mining) in E-1Grade on 10th August, 2009 along with respondent nos. 3 and 4. The petitioners presently hold the posts of Manager (Mining) in E-5 grade after having channel of promotion.
3. The respondent nos. 3 and 4 were also directly recruited Management Trainees in E-1 Grade, and they entered the service of CIL on the same date as the petitioners in the year 2009. Whereas, the respondent nos. 5 and 6 were appointed initially in the non-Executive cadre in CIL. They were subsequently promoted and borne in the executive cadre, but after the petitioners had joined the executive cadre in E-1 Grade. The respondent nos. 5 and 6 had joined the executive cadre in E-2 grade on 12th August, 2010, when the petitioners had already reached in E-3 grade.
4. No relief is sought for in the instant petition by the petitioners against any of the private respondents. They have been impleaded as proforma respondents since they are proper parties in the present proceeding. 5.
The promotion of executives of CIL up to E-6 grade is governed by the principle of seniority -cum- merit. From time to time, promotion policies have been amended by CIL, by reason of various anomalies that arose in the framing of policy thereof. In the Mining Discipline, acquiring 1st Class Mines Manager Certificate of Competency (in short, 'FCMMCC') is essential for holding the post of Mines Manager. As per the prevailing policy, the executive in the Mining Discipline is entitled to a vertical promotion up to E-3 grade on acquiring FCMMCC. On completion of the training period of one year, the petitioners and respondent nos. 3 and 4 were given confirmed positions with effect from 10th August, 2010.
After a mandatory service period of one year in E-1 Grade, the petitioners were promoted to E-2 Grade vide order dated 16th January, 2012 and 20th December, 2011. The petitioners were deemed to have been appointed in E-2 grade on and from the date of their joining, and after completion of the one-year period, they were deemed to have been placed in E-3 Grade. The petitioners were deemed to have been appointed in E-2 Grade on 10th August, 2009 and in E-3 Grade on 10th August, 2010. The same would be the position of the respondent nos. 3 and 4.
6.
The private respondent nos. 5 and 6 were appointed as non-executives and were subsequently appointed in the executive cadre in E-2 grade by order
dated 12th August, 2010. Further, they were promoted from E-2 to E-3 grade on 30th August, 2012 and 29th September, 2014 respectively. They were also promoted from E-3 to E-4 grade by orders dated 14th June, 2016 and 22nd May, 2018 respectively in the 1st Class Channel of Promotion. 7.
The petitioners and respondent nos. 3 and 4 were promoted to E-4 Grade with effect from 22nd May, 2015 vide orders dated 22nd May, 2015, 20th December, 2018 and 22nd June, 2015 respectively. All the petitioners and respondent nos. 3 and 4 were in E-4 grade in the 1st Class Channel and the respondent nos. 5 and 6 were in E-4 grade but junior to the petitioner, since they had been promoted on later dates. The gradation list of executives in E-4 grade as published on 1st November, 2019 will reveal the seniority position of the petitioners and the respondent nos. 3 to 6. The said list is set out herein below:- Sl. No.
Name Grade Seniority in E4 1st Class as on 01.11.19 E4 1st Class Avinash Kumar Petitioner Malakar No. 3 E4 1st Class Vivek Awasthi Petitioner No. 2 Sunny Rao Respondent E4 1st Class
No. 3 E4 1st Class Uma Shankar Petitioner Shukla No. 1 E4 1st Class Naveen Thakur Respondent No. 4 E4 1st Class Neelkanth Petitioner Prabhu No. 4 E4 1st Class Ritesh Kumar Respondent Singh No. 5 E4 1st Class Dinanath Respondent Tiwari No. 6 8.
It is further contention of the petitioners that the respondent nos. 5 and 6 were deemed to be placed in E-3 grade from 12th August, 2011. However, the petitioners were deemed to be in E-3 Grade from 10th August, 2010, one year prior to them. Subsequently, the provisional seniority list in E-4 Grade (First Class Channel) was published on 3rd December, 2019, wherein the respondent nos. 5 and 6 were shown in E-4 grade in the 1st Class channel with effect from 22nd May, 2015. Though they were departmentally promoted executives on 12th August, 2010, the petitioners, having become directly recruited executives on 10th August, 2009, came to acquire their respective positions in the seniority list in E-4 grade, wherein the respondent nos. 5 and 6, being promotees,
occupied higher positions. The directly recruited executives of the 2009 batch were junior to the departmentally promoted executives of the 2010 batch. 9.
The apparent anomaly created by CIL in making the latter entrant departmental promotees senior to the earlier entered executives in the cadre of executive, was sought to be remedied by CIL through issuance of an order dated 19th December, 2020, whereby notional seniority was granted to the 2009 batch, i.e. directly recruited executives in E-4 Grade with effect from 30th September, 2014. However, the petitioners came to know that though they belonged to the 2009 batch of directly recruited executives and were similarly placed as the respondent nos. 3 and 4, they did not receive the benefit of restoration of notional seniority with effect from 30th September, 2014, even though the petitioners and respondent nos. 3 and 4 passed the FCMMCC in the same examination conducted by the DGMS in the same year.
10. Leaving the petitioners as a separate class, the seniority of respondent nos. 3 and 4 in E-4 Grade was given effect from 30th September, 2014, treating the petitioners as unequals. The effective date of passing FCMMCC of the petitioners and respondent nos. 3, 4 and 6 was the same i.e. 30.07.2013. If the notification dated 12th June, 2006 is considered in true meaning and purports, all the executives, who passed FCMMCC and E-3, E-4 and E-5 grades will be horizontally placed in the grade in the first class channel from the effective date i.e. 30.07.2013.
11. The petitioners as well as the respondent nos. 3 and 4 have been promoted to the E-5 grade, whereas the respondent nos. 3 and 4 being the 2009 batchmates of the petitioners, were granted notional seniority in E-5 grade from 20th January, 2020 and seniority above the 2010 batch of departmentally promoted executives vide order dated 12th May, 2021. The petitioners were granted promotion in E-5 grade from the current date, i.e. 12th May, 2021 and their seniority is kept below the 2010 batch, who are the departmentally promoted executives depriving the petitioners herein.
12. The Petitioners have made representation before the respondent authorities for consideration of their seniority similar to Respondent No.3 and 4, but despite representation, they were not restored to their seniority in E grade from 30th September, 2014, contrary to the promotion policy of CIL. The respondent nos. 3 and 4 having been granted notional seniority in E-4 Grade with effect from 30th September, 2014, depriving the petitioners is arbitrary and unreasonable, particularly when the petitioners and respondent nos. 3 and 4 had the same promotion deemed date in E-4 grade i.e. 2nd May, 2015 as per the seniority list of December 2020. But subsequently, the date has been changed to 30th September, 2014 whereas the petitioners have been deprived of the same. Hence, this application.
13. Respondent nos. 1 and 2 filed their affidavit-in-opposition, and the petitioners also filed their affidavit-in-reply to the affidavit-in-opposition thereto.
14. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents submitted that under CIL policy, promotions are of two kinds. Firstly, vertical promotion, which denotes upward movement within the same cadre hierarchy (E-2 - E-3 - E-4 - E-5), based on service, experience and vacancies. Secondly, Horizontal promotion, which denotes movement across channels within the same grade, contingent upon special statutory qualifications. In this case, such movement from the Second Class to the First Class channel is permissible only on timely submission of the First Class Mine Manager's Certificate of Competency (FCMMCC). Vertical promotions are time-bound, whereas horizontal eligibility arises only if FCMMCC is submitted prior to the DPC cut-off date. The onus of timely submission lies entirely on the mine's executives. Petitioners failed to do so before the DPC dated 24.07.2014, unlike the private respondents.
15. It was further submitted that the FCMMCC is issued by DGMS only upon fulfilment of statutory prerequisites, namely Gas Testing, First Aid, and requisite underground experience. Any delay was attributable to the petitioners' own failure to complete and submit such requirements, and they cannot shift the burden onto DGMS. The private respondents, having duly submitted their FCMMCC before the 2014 DPC, were considered for horizontal movement and granted notional seniority w.e.f. 30.09.2014. They have since discharged statutory duties as First-Class Managers. The Petitioners, not having attained horizontal eligibility at the relevant time, cannot claim parity. The principle for fixation of seniority is based on timely submission of
FCMMCC before the DPC cut-off, not merely the date of passing or the effective date of the certificate. Petitioners' claim for notional seniority from 30.09.2014 is, therefore, untenable. The petitioners, while accepting vertical promotions without demur, never undertook the horizontal responsibilities of First-Class Managers. Their attempt to equate themselves with private respondents, who have been discharging such duties since 2014, is inequitable and unsustainable. Therefore, there is no case for arbitrariness or discrimination made out by the writ petitioners in the writ petition. Therefore, the writ petition is liable to be dismissed with costs.
16. The learned counsel also referred to annexure C, the report of the Committee on Horizontal movement of Mining executives from Second class to First class channel, where the effective date of FCMMCC is prior to the deemed date of the present grade. The committee has finally concluded and recommended the methodology to be adopted in the placement of first-class channel from secondclass channel in the Mining discipline with respect to such cases where the date of FMMCC is prior to the date of promotion to second class.
17. In reply, the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners submitted that the plea of the respondents is totally unsustainable because the delay in issuance of FCMMCC is entirely attributable to DGMS, despite the petitioners having completed all requirements in 2012 and 2013. There exists no statutory rule or promotion policy of CIL mandating submission of FCMMCC before the DPC cut-off. Therefore, the respondents' reliance on such contention is totally
misconceived. The private respondents, junior to the petitioners, being granted notional seniority with effect from 30.09.2014 by office order dated 19.12.2020 and denial of the same to petitioners, who are the direct recruits of 2009, is discriminatory and violative of Article 14. The issue concerns seniority fixation and not promotion. Vertical or horizontal distinction is irrelevant; seniority must be reckoned from the date of acquiring FCMMCC, not the date of DPC. Petitioners never waived their rights by accepting promotions. Constitutional entitlement to equality in seniority cannot be defeated by laches or estoppels. Petitioners are entitled to parity in notional seniority w.e.f. 30.09.2014 and consequential promotion to E-5 grade, at par with private respondents.
18. Having heard the arguments advanced by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respective parties and upon perusal of the opposition and reply thereto, this Court finds that the Committee comprising of the then Director (Personnel) ECL, Director (Tech) BCCL and CGM (M/S&R) CIL, after detailed deliberation, recommended the methodology to be adopted in placement of First Class Channel from Second Class Channel in Mining Discipline in respect of such cases where the date of FCMMCC is prior to the date of promotion in second class channel. The recommendation of the committee has been set out below:- S.N.
Grade Method for replacement in First Example Class MMCC
...
...
...
...
2.
E4 Grade If date of effectiveness of FirstExecutive-B-Dy Manager cases (E3 Class certificate is prior to the (Min), E4 gradeto E-4 deemed date (i.e.
date of Effective date of FMCC:
promotion) promotion) in E4 grade, such 30.07.13 Executives may be placed in Deemed date in first class channel from their E4:30.09.14 present deemed date of E4 grade because from the 2015 May be placed in E4 DPCs all E3 Min executives who grade first class channel completed Second/First class from deemed date i.e.
Certificate prior to DPC date, 30.09.14.
they are promoted to respective channel along with promotion in E4 grade.
Policy for E-2 grade for HM dated 12.6.2006 (as mentioned in para B1 hereinbefore), may also be applicable to E3 to E4 grade after pay revision 1.1.2007
3.
E5 & E6 In case of executives having Eg:
Executive-CSr grade FMCC effective date after 2006, Manager, Min, ES grade cases Upon passing FCMMCC in Effective date of FMCC:
E4/E5/E6 grade they are 03.07.2008 horizontally moved to first class Deemed date In ES: 22channel from Effective date of Sep-08 FMCC as per policy dated 12.6.2006, hence those He may be placed in First executives who are currently in class channel in E4 E5 and E6 grade 2nd class grade because as per channel and their First Class Horizontal movement date is prior to present deemed policy dt 12.6.2006 date (i.e.
date of current "The executives who pass promotion in second class 1st Class MMCC In E3, channel) may be placed in first E4 and E5 grade will be class channel from effective date horizontally placed in the of FCMMCC and thereafter their same grade in 1st Class next promotion date in E5/E6 Channel from the grade must fall after completion effective date of 1st of minimum 3 years in first Class"
i.e.
from class channel before next DPC 3.07.2008 and then he is
cutoff date.
eligible only after completion of three years In the above manner while in first class channel in doing such horizontal the next DPC for cut off movement, the deemed date in date 30.09.2011 at par current grade in First class with his batchmates in channel of few executives may First class channel. He extend beyond present deemed may be placed in E5 date of second-class channel grade from 07.01.2013 and in some cases promotion from the date order in Second class channel FMCC passed out got may need to be cancelled since promotion in E5 grade.
the executive concerned may This will ensure that not have completed the there is no further minimum three years on cutoff anomaly caused due to date in first class channel on HM as proposed.
such placement in first class channel.
This may be Executive- D- Effective understood with example given date of FMCC:
in next column.
21.12.2015;
Deemed date in E5: 01-Aug-17 He may be placed in First
class channel In E4 grade (in which he acquired FMCC) from effective date i.e.
21.12.2015 and then he is eligible only after three years in the subsequent DPC, Hence his promotion in E5 grade may be cancelled.
19. The examples are given hereinabove for the purpose of explaining the underlying logic and may be applied to similar situations. While arriving at the suggested placement, it has been kept in mind that the solution should not give rise to further problems, there is minimal supersession and disturbance in the seniority list and that the majority is benefitted.
20. In order to avoid such problem in future the Committee recommends that when the results of DGMS First Class examination are declared, the executive concerned may be advised to apply to DGMS for Issue of the FCMMCC, along with the required statutory documents, for example, First aid, Gas testing, UG Experience etc within one month of declaration of results and an intimation of having passed FCMMCC should be submitted to the Personnel department through proper channel enclosing a copy of such application made to DGMS
along with enclosure, so that date of application for Issuance of FCMMCC can be tracked to discourage the willful non submission of FCMMCC by executives to avoid responsibilities.
21. It was also suggested by the Committee that if there is any anomaly arising due to placement/non-placement in the first class channel, those cases may be dealt with, keeping in mind the above proposals to avoid major complications in mining discipline.
22. However, no notification has been found in this regard or placed before this Court.
23. Be that as it may, it would be very clear from the earlier office memorandum no.CIL/C-5A (CC)/MIN/093/81 dated 12th June, 2006 annexed with the writ petition as "Annexure-P-19" that in Sl. No.2 the executives who pass MMCC in E3, E4, & E5 grade will be horizontally placed in the same grade in the first class channel from the effective date of 1st class. This was recommended to be effective from 08.05.2006. In this memorandum, there is no such condition as pointed out by the respondent in Affidavit-in-opposition, that the FCMMCC is issued by DGMS only upon fulfilment of statutory prerequisites, namely Gas Testing, First Aid, and requisite underground experience. The condition imposed upon the petitioners is contrary to the office memorandum. The respondent Nos. 3 and 4 as well as the Petitioners have completed their FCMMCC in the same year. The fact that the similarly situated mine executives would be given notional benefits on and from 30th September, 2014, depriving
the Petitioners herein, is clearly contrary to their own office memorandum. No subsequent office memorandum/notification has been placed by the respondents before this court to show whether any subsequent recommendation made by the committee was published.
24. All the petitioners have made representations before the General Manager (P)/EE), CIL, Kolkata, on 05.01.2021 and 14.06.2021, respectively, with a prayer to grant them notional seniority and notional fixation in E4 grade first class channel w.e.f. 30.09.2014 at par with other Executives, and the same has been considered and rejected by the respondent authorities as per the recommendations of the committee as stated above.
25. Therefore, this Court directs the respondent authorities particularly, respondent no. 2 to consider the petitioners' representations afresh, strictly in accordance with law, after affording an opportunity of a hearing to all the necessary parties including the petitioners within a period of two months from the date of communication of a copy of this order and pass a reasoned order and communicate the same to all the necessary parties including the writ petitioners immediately thereafter.
26. It is, however, made clear that all points are left open to be decided by the aforesaid respondent without being influenced by any observation whatsoever made herein above, at the time of consideration of the representation of the petitioners.
27. In the light of the above observation, WPA 19989 of 2021 is disposed of without any order as to costs.
28. Connected applications, if any, are also thus, disposed of.
29. Interim order, if any, stands vacated.
website of the High Court at Calcutta.
31. Urgent photostat certified copy of this judgment, if applied for, is to be given to the parties on a priority basis on compliance of all legal formalities. (Ajay Kumar Gupta, J) P.A.